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Fred T. Jane

Transcriber's Notes

The advertisements which were originally at the front of the book have been moved to the back.

JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT 1913

A Reprint of the 1913 Edition of All The World's Air-craft
Edited by

FRED T. JANE

ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
New York

First published by Sampson Low Marston in 1913
This edition published 1969 by ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
219 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003

Library of Congress Catalog Number 69-14964
ARCO Book Number 668-01880-1

Printed in Great Britain

Published Annually.

All the World's AIR=CRAFT.

(ORIGINALLY KNOWN AS "ALL THE WORLD'S AIRSHIPS.")

(WAR FLYING ANNUAL.)

FOUNDED AND EDITED BY FRED T. JANE, Founder and Editor of "FIGHTING SHIPS" (Naval Annual), Etc.

PART A.—AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLES OF THE WORLD.
PART B.—HISTORICAL AEROPLANES OF THE LAST SIX YEARS.
PART C.—THE WORLD'S AERIAL ENGINES.
PART D.—AERIAL "WHO'S WHO" AND DIRECTORY.

FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE.
(Founded 1909.)

LONDON:
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd.
1913.

Printed by Netherwood, Dalton & Co., Phoenix Works, Rashcliffe, Huddersfield.

CONTENTS

 

PAGE

Preface 7 Glossary of Technical Terms 9

PART A.

Argentine

(

J. Schiere

)

15 Austrian

(

Special Austrian Editor

)

16 Aeroplanes 17 Dirigibles 22 Belgian

(

J. Bracke

)

26 Aeroplanes 27 Dirigibles 29 Brazilian 31 British 32 Aeroplanes 37 Dirigibles 60 British Colonies, Etc. 63 Bulgarian 66 Central American Republics 67 Chilian 68 Chinese 69 Danish 70 Dutch

(

J. Schiere

)

71 French

(

Special French Editor

)

Aeroplanes 73 Dirigibles 109 German

(

Special German Editor

)

126 Aeroplanes 131 Dirigibles 151 Greek 168 Italian

(

Special Italian Editor

)

169 Aeroplanes 172 Dirigibles 176 Japanese

(

Partly Official

)

180 Aeroplanes 181 Dirigibles 182 Mexican 183 Norwegian 184 Peruvian 185 Portuguese

(

J. Schiere

)

186 Roumanian 187 Russian 188 Aeroplanes 190 Dirigibles 191 Servian 193 Spanish 194 Swedish

(

Lieut. Dahlbeck

)

196 Swiss

(

Special Swiss Editor

)

198 Turkish 200 Uruguay 200 United States

(

W.L. Jones

)

201 Aeroplanes 202 Dirigibles 220

PART B.

Historical Aeroplanes of the Last Six Years 1B et seq.

PART C.

Principal Aeroplane Engines 1C Austrian (W. Isendahl) 2C Belgian 2C British 3C French 4C German (W. Isendahl) 8C Italian 11C Swiss 12C U.S.A. 13C

PART D.

Aerial "Who's Who" 1D Classified Aerial Directory 12D Alphabetical Index—Aeroplanes end of Alphabetical Index— Dirigibles book

PREFACE.

s conjectured last year, considerable further changes have been produced in this edition.

When, some five years ago, work on this annual was first commenced, the military aviator was an idle dream. Fighting men in dirigibles were a bare possibility; but nothing more than that. Every amateur building an aeroplane (or even merely intending to build one) in his back garden was a possible "conqueror of the air." The aeroplane was going to oust the motor car as a sporting vehicle—everyone was quite certain about that! Beyond that, nothing!

To-day everything is completely changed and except as a war machine the aeroplane is of little interest or use to anyone. A few civilian aviators are still flying, but in practically every case they are doing so in connection with the business aspect of the question. There is no "sport of aviation" such as the prophets foretold a few years ago.

An increasing number of people obtain their pilot certificates and lists of these are still given, although the title of "aviator" is in the bulk of cases somewhat of a courtesy one, since so few keep on flying once they have secured their brevets.

It is as a war machine that the aeroplane has come into its own. The Italian aeroplanes over and over again proved their utility in Tripoli. Although in the Balkan War aircraft were less in evidence than many expected, this may be attributed to the peculiar circumstances of the campaign and also to the scarcity of available machines.

Every country is now engaged in forming its aerial fleets. How far the naval and military branches will coalesce, or how far they will differentiate remains to be seen. The probabilities, at present, all point in the latter direction, and that just as an army is made up of cavalry, infantry, artillery, etc., and a navy of battleships, cruisers, torpedo craft and submarines, so the sky fleets seem destined to consist of groups of different types of machines, each type designed for some special purpose.

The increased war utility of aircraft has necessitated an extension of the pages devoted to organisation of military aviation, etc. The details given are by no means as full as I could wish; but all organisations are being so continually changed owing to increased experience that satisfactory data are not very easy to come by.

During the past twelve months or so we have learned at least one or two important things. The mere fact of the possession of aeroplanes by a nation is a military factor of comparatively little importance. A nation possessing next to no aeroplanes can easily acquire a few hundreds in case of emergency if she has the people to build them. The real problem is two-fold. First, of course, is the possession of trained and efficient aviators to fly the machines. Naval and military officers who have merely secured their brevets at a flying school are of no immediate value; civilians of the same kind are of still less utility.

Second to this is the productive capacity of any country; which may roughly be gauged from the number and importance of its firms engaged in construction.

These points cannot too strongly be enforced. The air strength of any nation in case of war resides in its efficient flying men and in its own productive capacity. The next war will see aircraft quite as much "contraband" as warships, and the nation which relies upon aerial imports will be foredoomed at once. One month is probably the utmost effective life of an aeroplane on hard active service and it may well be a good deal less. And firms capable of building efficient machines cannot be improvised.

A remarkable feature of the last twelve months has been the recrudescence of the dirigible, which is now in far greater esteem than it was a year ago, or for that matter, ever before. In the past there is no doubt that progress was hampered by arguments between the advocates of "heavier than air" and "lighter than air," and a curious notion that the one could only exist at the expense of the other.

Such ideas are now dead, and it is recognised that for war purposes both have their uses and that both are interdependent. It is not quite yet realised how intense this interdependence is likely to be.

Briefly the present situation may be summed up as follows: the dirigible has enormous potentialities for attack on fortified bases and the like, but its powers of defence, guns or no guns, are very slight. A single aeroplane should be able to disable or destroy without very great difficulty the finest dirigible yet built (supposing it able to find the airship in the vastness of the air). The damage that a single aeroplane can do to land defences or ships is, however, entirely trivial—at any rate at present.

Hence the aerial war unit already formed in Germany, and likely to be in existence everywhere else ere another year or so has passed. This unit is a dirigible of great offensive powers, associated with a number of aeroplanes presumably intended to defend it and ward off and defeat attack by hostile aeroplanes.

This is merely the crude beginning, it seems reasonably safe to prophecy that in the early future the aerial war-unit will be made up somewhat as follows:—

(a) An offensive dirigible, carrying the maximum of bombs, etc.

(b) One or two dirigibles carrying oil and petrol for the aeroplanes—possibly capable of dealing with all minor repairs and of carrying a certain number of aeroplanes on board.

(c) A number of war aeroplanes specially designed for fighting other aeroplanes and attacking hostile dirigibles as chances may occur.

(d) A few very swift one man aeroplanes which will be the eyes of the unit.

This seems an early certainty. After all it merely reproduces for the air what centuries of experience have shewn to be essential for fleets and armies.

The matter is a fascinating subject for speculation; but in connection with a work that exists merely to deal with things as they are at present, is perhaps, better not now pursued further. One point, however, may perhaps be mentioned, and that is that victory or defeat in aerial warfare seems likely to depend upon which side can first destroy the other's bases. A base-less dirigible will not live long. This is likely to lead to very great attention being paid at an early date to anti-aircraft guns and other devices for the defence of aerial bases.

Reverting to the arrangement of the present edition, a few words may be said about some of the changes. As stated last year the clumsy old system of grouping monoplanes, biplanes, etc., separately has been abolished. So many firms specialise in both that any such grouping could only lead to confusion.

A tabular system has been generally adopted for most new matter. This will be found far more convenient for reference, and of course, saves a great deal of space.

The effective age of aeroplanes is somewhat of a vexed question, for while one year probably represents the really effective war utility endurance, even in peace time, school life is more or less indefinite and so is ordinary private life. Consequently—although "dead machines" are excluded it has not been possible to draw an exactly uniform age limit line beyond that. Speaking generally modern machines represent as a rule detail improvements rather than the complete changes of the past. For example, the gap between 1911 and 1913, is far less than the gap between 1909 and 1911. This fact is beginning to make itself felt in war machines.

In Part B an attempt has been made to collect illustrations of aeroplanes of the past which for one reason or another possess an historical interest. This section is remarkable for two totally different things (1) the early anticipations of some modern practice, and (2) the past prevalence of certain other ideas which are now totally extinct.

Part C deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable—in comparison with past issues—for the large number of engines which have ceased to exist. It is probably still too ample; as a year hence quite half the makers still recorded are likely to disappear. The mere ability to construct motor car engines is no longer of value. The aeroplane engine designer needs to be a specialist. The absolutely ideal aero-engine no doubt yet remains to be produced; but meanwhile the tendency of users to concentrate upon fewer makes is increasingly evident, despite the fact that the best engine for one particular type of machine is not necessarily the best for some other type.

In conclusion I tender my most grateful thanks to all those who have so kindly collaborated with or for me in the various sections. The book is still some way from being near my ideal, but I have every hope that this edition will be generally considered a very considerable improvement upon previous issues.

FRED T. JANE.

Bedhampton,
Hants.,
England.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS, Etc.

ENGLISH.

DUTCH.

FRENCH.

GERMAN.

ITALIAN.

NOTES.

Abaft

Achterste deel

Arrière

Hinter

A poppa

Accessories

Onderdeelen

Accessoires

Zubehör

Accessori

Accumulator

Accumulator

Accumulateur

Akkumulator

Accumulatore

AEROPLANE

Dekvlieger

Aéroplane

Drachenflieger

Aereoplano

Aeronaut

Luchtvaarder

Aéronaute

Luftschiffer

Aereonauta

   

Aviateur

     

Aerostat

Luchtbal

Aérostat

Freiballon

Aereostato

Aft

Achterdeel

Arrière

Hinten

Addietro

After (rear)

Achter

Arrière

Hinterer

Poppa

Air-cooled

Luchtgekoeld

Refroidit par Pair

Luftgekuhlt

Raffredda ad aria

Angleiron

Hoekÿzer

Cornière

Eck Schiene

Ferro ad angolo

Anti-friction metal

Wit metaal

Métal anti friction on regule

Lagermetall

Metallo beanco (anti frizione)

Aviation

Vliegtechniek

Aviation

Flugtechnik

Aviazione

Babbit Metal

Babbits metaal

Métal Babbitt on regule

Lagermetall

Metallo Babbitt

Balance

Evenwicht

Equilibre

Gleichgewicht

Equilibrio

Ball bearings

Kogellagers

Coussinets à billes

Kugel Lager

Cuscinetti a sfere

Ballonet

Luchtzak

Ballonet

Ballonet

Palloncino compensatore

Battery

Batterÿ

Batterie

Batterie

Pila a secco

Bearing metal

Kussenmetaal

Métal pour les coussinets on regule

Lager metall

Metallo par cuscinette

Behind

Achter

Derrière

Hinter

Di dietro

Bevel geared

Kegelraderwerk

Engrenage Conique

Konischer Antrieb

Ingranaggio conico

Biplane

Tweedekker

Biplan

Zwei decker

Biplano

Blades (of propeller)

Bladen (der schroef)

Pales

Flügel

Pale delt'elica

Body

Romp

Fuselage

Körper

Telaio o chassis

Bolt

Bout

Bonlon

Bolzen

Bollone

Box-kite

Kabel-vlieger

Cerf-volant

Drachen

Aquilone a celle

Bracket

Klamp

Tasseau

Stütze

Sostegno

Brake

Rem

Frein

Bremse

Freno

Breadth

Breedte

Largeur

Breite

Larghezza

Canvas

Doek

Toile

Leinwand

Tela

Car

Gondel

Nacelle

Gondel

Navicella

Carburetter

Vergasser

Carburateur

Vergaser

Carburatore

Casting

Gietstuk

Moulage

Guss Stück

Getto

Centre of Gravity

Zwaartepunt

Centre de Gravité

Schwerpunkt

Centro di gravità

Chain driven

Door ketting gedreven

Transmission par chaine

Ketten antrieb

Trasmissione a catena

Chassis

Gestel

Chassis

Motor Rahmen

Chassis

Circumference

Omtrek

Circonférance

Umfang

Cuconferenza

Clutch

Haak

Embrayage

Kupplung

Innesto

Connection

Schakeling

Couplage

Kupplung

Connessione

Control

Stuurinrichting

Direction

Lenk Ubersetsung

Meccanismo di direzione

Coupled

Gekoppeld

Jumelé

Paarweise

Accoppiato

Crank shaft

Krukas

Arbre à manivelle

Kurbelwelle

Albero delle manovelle

Cylinder

Cÿlinder

Cylindre

Zylinder

Cilindro

Die cast Bearings

Ondermetaallager

Coussinets moutés encogiulles

Schalenguss Lager

Cuscinette fusi in conchiglia

DIRIGIBLE

Motorballon

Dirigeable: Aéronat

Motorluftschiff

Dirigibile

Diameter

Middellÿn

Diamètre

Durchmesser

Diametro

Direct driven

Direct gekoppeld

Prise directe

Direkter Antrieb

Presa diretta

Electric welding

Electrische Lassching

Soudure électrique

Elektrisches Schweissen

Soldatura elettrica

Elevator (horizontal rudder)

Hoogtestuur

Gouvernail de profondeur

Hohensteuer

Timone orizzontale

Engine

Motor

Moteur

Motor

Motore

Fan

Ventilator

Ventilateur

Ventilator

Ventilatore

Fittings

Fittings

Garniture

Garnitur

Armamento

Flight

Vlucht

Vol

Flug

Volo

Flown

Gevlogen

Volé

Geflogen

Volato

Fore

Voor

Avant

Vorderer

Ouvanti

Forward (in front)

Van Voren

En avant

Vor

Davanti

Frame

Romp

Fuselage

Rahm

Telais

Framework

Geraamte

Fuselage

Gerüste

Intelaiatura

Gas bag

Gaszak

Enveloppe

Luftballon (Hülle)

Involucro

Geared to

Vertand

Multiplié à

Uebersetst auf

Moltiplicato a

Gear driven

Met tandrad-overbrenging

durch Zahnrädern getrieben

Trasmissione a ingranaggi

Girder

Balk

Poutre

Balken

Longarin

Glider

Glÿdvlieger

Planeur

Gleitflieger

Apparecehio a planare

Gondola

Gondel

Nacelle

Gondel

Navicella

Helices

Schroeven

Helices

Schranben

Eliché

Helicopter

Schroefvlieger

Helicoptère

Schraubenflieger

Elicoplano Elicottero

Horizontal plane (in a)

Horizontaalvlak (in een)

Plan horizontal

Horizontal fläche

Piano orizzontale

Horse power

Paardekracht

Puissance en chevaux

Pferdekraft

Forza cavalli

Hydrogen

Waterstof

Hydrogène

Wasserstoff

Idrogens

Ignition

Ontsteking

Allumage

Zündung

Accensione

Inch

Duim

25.39 m/m.

25.39 m/m.

Pollice = 25.39 m/m.

Inclination

Helling

Inclination

Schrägstellung

Inclinazione

Keel

Kiel

Carène

Kiel

Chiglia

K.P.M. (kilometres per hour)

K.P.U. (kilom. per uur)

Kilometres par heure

Kilometre pro Stunde

Chilometre all'ora

Kite

Vlieger

Cerf volant

Drachen

Aquilone

Length

Lengte

Longueur

Länge

Lunghezza

Lining metal

Lagermetaal

Métal pour garnir less coussinets ou régule

Lagermetall

Metallo per bronzine dei cuscinetti

Lower (planes)

Onder (vlakken)

Inferieur (plans)

Untere Flächen

Piani inferiori

Magneto

Magneet

Magneto

Magnet

Magneto

Maximum

Maximum

Maximum

Maximum

Massimo

Middle (plane)

Midden (vlak)

(Plan)au milieu

Mittel Deck

Piano medio

Mile

Mÿl

Mile

Meile

Miglio

Military

Militair

Militaire

Militärische

Militare

Miscellaneous

Verschillend (allerlei)

General

Verschiedenes

Diversi

Monoplane

Eendekker

Monoplan

Ein decker

Monoplano

Motor

Motor

Moteur

Motor

Motore

M.P.H. (miles per hour)

M.P.U. (mÿl per uur)

Vitesse

M.P.S.

Miglia all'ora

Multiplane

Veeldekker

Multiplan

Vieldecker

Multiplano

Nacelle

Schuitje

Nacelle

Gondel

Navicella

Non-rigid

Slap

Souple

Unstarr

Non-rigido—flessibile

Petrol (gasoline)

Benzine

Essence

Benzin

Benzina

Pilot (driver)

Bestuurder

Flyer: Aviateur

Führer

Aviatore

Pivot

Tap

Pivot

Gewinde Zapfen

Perno

Planes

Vlakken

Plans

Flächen

Piani

Plug

Kaars, stop

Bougie

Zünd Kerze

Candela

Pound (lb.)

Eng pond = 0,453 K.G.

0.453 kg.

0.453 kg.

Libbra = 0.453 kg.

Pressure

Druk

Pression

Druck

Pressione

Propeller

Schroef

Helice

Schraube

Eliche

Quadruplane

Vierdekker

Quadruplan

Vier decker

Qudruplani

Quintuplane

Vÿfdekker

Quintuplan

Fünf decker

Quintuplani

Radiator

Koeler

Radiateur

Kühler

Radiatore

Rear (in)

Achterkant (aan de)

En arrière

Hinten

Indictro

Reduction gearing

Reductie-overbrenging

Engrenage de demultiplication

Ubersetzung

Ingranaggi di ridugione

R.P.M. (revolutions per minute)

Omw. per minuut

Tours

Umlauf

Giri al minuto

Rigid

Stÿf

Rigide

Starr

Rigido

Rises

Stÿgt

S'eléve

Hebt sich

Si eleva

Rubber

Gummi

Caoutchouc

Gummi

Gomma

Rudder

Roer, Stuur

Gouvernail

Steuer

Timone

Section

Doorsnede

Section

Durchschnitt

Regione

Semi-rigid

Halfstÿf

Demi-rigide

Halb Starr

Semi-rigido

Span

Spanwÿdte

Envergure

Spanweite

Apertura

Speed

Snelheid

Vitesse

Geschwindigkeit

Velocita

Stability

Evenwicht

Stabilité

Gleichgewicht

Stabilità

Stabilising fins

Evenwichtsvlakken

Ailerons

Gleichgwichtsflächen

Piani stabilizzaton

Steel

Staal

Acier

Stahl

Acciaio

Steering Gear

Stuurtoestel

Direction

Steuerung

Meccanismo di direzione

Steering Wheel

Stuurwiel

Volant

Steuerrad

Volante di direzione

Supporting surface

Draagvlak

Surface

Tragfläche

Superficio di sostegno

Surfaces

Oppervlakken

Surfaces

Flächen

Superfici

Suspension

Ophanging

Suspension

Aufhängung

Sospensioni

Switch

Omschakelaar

Interrupteur

Schalter

Interruttore

Tail

Staart

Queu

Schwanz

Coda

Total weight

Totaal gewicht

Poids totale

Gesamtlast

Peso totale

Transmission Shaft

Overbrengingsas

Arbre de transmission

Transmissions Welle

Albero di trasmissione

Trial

Proef

Essai

Probe

Prova

Triplane

Driedekker

Triplan

Drei decker

Triplano

Universal Joint

Kogelgewricht

Joint universel

Kardan

Guinta universale

Unladen

Onbelast, leeg

à vide

Leerlaufend

Upper (planes)

Boven (vlakken)

Superior

Ob ere

Piani Superior

Useful lift

Nuttier last

Poids utile

Outlast

Forza utile di elevation

Valve

Kelp

Soup ape

Lentil

Valvular

Vertical plane (in the)

Vertical vlak (in het)

Plan vertical

(in der) Vertikalfläche

Neal piano verticale

Vertical rudder

Zÿstuur

Gouvernail verticale

Seitensteuer

Timone verticale

Volume

Inhoud

Volume

Inhalt

Volume

Water-cooled

Watergekoeld

Refroidissement par eau

Wasserkühlung

Raffreddata ad acqua

Weight

Gewicht

Poids

Gewicht

Peso

Wheels

Wielen

Roues

Raeder

Ruote

Wings

Vleugels

Ailes

Flügel

Ali

Wood

Hout

Bois

Holz

Legno

Yard (measure)

Yard (maat) = 0,914 M

0.914 mètres

0.914 meter

Jarda=0.914 m.

Part A.

AEROPLANES & DIRIGIBLES.

ARRANGED BY NATIONALITIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.

Note.—Every nation is given in the following fixed order:—

List of Aerial Societies and Clubs, with addresses and Secretaries where possible.

List of Aerial Journals, with addresses, price, and dates of publication.

List of Flying Grounds for aeroplanes, and hangars for dirigibles (if any).

List of Military and Naval Machines and aviators.

List of Private Aviators, total of machines, etc.

AEROPLANES in alphabetical order, uniform scale plans, and particulars.

DIRIGIBLES: Military and private uniform scale plans, and particulars.

Note.—The uniform scale of dirigible plans is a smaller scale than that used for aeroplanes.

ARGENTINE.

(Revised by J. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian, Dutch R. Ae. C.)

Aerial Societies:—

Ae.C., Argentino, 561, S. Martin, Buenos Ayres.

Aerial Journals:—

Boletin del Ae.C., Argentino (Monthly).

Flying Grounds:—

Aerodromo Villa Lugano. (P. Castabert, Director.)

Aerodromo del Palomar. (Military).

Military Aviation.

At the end of 1912 there were 6 military aeroplanes (3 Bleriot, 1 Castaibert, 1 Nieuport, and 1 H Farman)—all 1912 models.

Marcel Paillette is director of the military flying ground at the Palomar Aerodrome.

More machines will be added and by the end of the present year it is probable that a very considerable air force will exist.

Private Aviators.

Bregi, Henri (A.C.F. 26)

de Bruyn, A. (3)

Castaibert, B. (1)

Fels, T. (9)

England, Gordon F.C. (British p.)

Goffre, C.A. (4)

Hentsch, H. (5)

Mascias, A.R. (8)

Melchior, E. (11)

Newbury, G. (6)

Origone, M.F. (10)

Paillette, Marcel (French p.)

Parravicini, F. (7)

Roth, J.A. (2)

Valleton A. (French p.)

PABLO CASTAIBERT. Monoplane.

Type

1911. Bleriot-Hanriot

type.

1912. Bleriot

type.

Length

26½ feet (8.15 m.)

28 feet (8.47 m.)

Span

29 feet (8.80 m.)

30 feet (9.35 m.)

Area

206 sq. ft. (19-20 m².)

194 sq. ft. (18 m².)

Weight

(total)

705 lbs. (320 kgs.)

617 lbs. (280 kgs.)

Motor

(h.p.)

25 Anzani

50 Gnome

Speed

(p.h.)

46½ m. (75 km.)

50 m. (80 km.)

Note. Both fly well. Description in Boletin de Ae.C. Argentino.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.

(By our Austrian Editor.)

Aerial Societies:—

Cesky Club Automobilistn. Aviatische Sektion. (Prague.)

Deutscher Luftfahrt-Verein in Boehmen (Teplitz-Schoenau).

Flugtechnischer Verein für Mähren (Brunn.).

Flugtechnischer Verein in Schlesien (Troppau).

Flugtechnischer Verein in Steiermark (Graz, Schmiedgasse 31).

K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Wienstrasse 31, Vienna).

Kärtner Automobil Club (Klagenfürt.)

Klub Awiata (Obertynska Str. 8, Lemburg, Galicia).

Magyar Automobil Club (Budapest).

Magyar Athletikai Club (Abt. fur Aviatik) Budapest.

Oberösterreichischer Verein f.L. in Linz (Landstr. 119, Linz).

Oesterreichischer Aero Club (St. Annahoff, Vienna) (formerly Wiener Aero Club).

Oesterreichischer Flugsport Club (Breitegasse 7, Vienna VII).

K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Weinstrasse 31, Vienna).

Oesterreichischer Luftflotten-Verein (Vienna).

Oesterreichischer Wintersportklub (Vienna). Glider club.

Verein für L. in Tirol (Innsbruck).

Aerial Journals:—

Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung. (Fleischmarkt 5, Vienna) weekly.

Allgemeine Sport Zeitung. (St. Annhoff, Vienna) weekly.

H.P. Fachzeitung für Automobilismus und Flugtechnik. (Vienna) weekly.

Oesterreichische Flugzeitschrift. (Aspernplatz, Wien I) fortnightly.

Wiener Luftschiffer-Zeitung. (St. Annahof, Vienna) fortnightly.

Flying Grounds:—

Military.

Fischamend (Principal Army).

Goerz.

Zaule b. Triest.

Naval.

Pola.

Private.

Aspern bei Wien, Vienna.

Rakos bei Budapest.

Wiener Neustadt.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AEROPLANES.

Military Aviation: General.

In June, 1912, a central aeronautical committee was created, under the presidency of Prince Fürstenberg, to deal with the creation of a national aerial fleet. One of the objects is the perfection of the Austrian machines and factories.

About the same date, Pola was selected as a naval aviation school, and two Paulhan-Curtiss hydro-avions purchased.

In August the record making Lohner was purchased for the Army.

During September Captain Odolek tested before the military authorities a parachute of his invention; and a number were ordered.

In October very strict regulations were issued as to aircraft flying over prohibited areas, a rule that any offenders would be shot at was subsequently modified.

In November a Donnet-Lerêque was purchased for the Navy and another ordered at the Whitehead Works, Fiume.

Army Section.

At the end of 1911 the Army possessed 4 monoplanes and one biplane (a Lohner), now available for school work.

During 1912 there were acquired:—

20 monoplanes.—1 Bleriot, 2 Nieuport, 15 Etrich-Taube, 1 Etrich limousine, 1 Deperdussin.

6 biplanes.—4 Lohner-Daimler, 1 Mars, 1 Klobucar, (of the above the 2 Nieuports, 1 Etrich limousine and the 4 Lohners were the only ones built in Austria).

Naval Section.

4 hydro-avions were acquired during 1912; 2 Donnet-Levêque and 2 Paulhan-Curtiss.

Military Pilots.

Banfield, Ob. Leut.

Blaschke, v. Ob. Leut.

Eyb, Ob. Leut.

Flassig, Leut.

Holeka, Ob. Leut.

Kenese, Ob. Leut.

Klobucar, Ob. Leut.

Miller, Ob. Leut. (5)

Oelwein, Ob. Leut.

Perini, Leut.

Petroczy, Haupt. von.

Riedlinger, Ob. Leut. von.

Schindler, Leut.

Schünzel, Leut.

Stohanzl, Ob. Leut. K (14)

Umlauff, Major von. (10)

Uzelac, Ob. Leut.

Venczel, Leut.

Welhelm, Ob. Leut. von

The military centre is at Goerz, the naval one at Pola.

Flying officers receive each a grant of 1,600 crowns; also 15 crowns a month for upkeep. Special certificate brings 2,000 crowns extra grant.

Private Aviators.

* = Superior brevet.
+ = Killed.

Auer, J. (6)

Baar, R.

Baboncse, K.

Banfield, K.

Bauer, Dr. V.R. von.

Bernat, M.

*Brier, H. (18)

Blaschke von. Z.R.

Booms, W. (9)

Bratmann, J.

Buchstätter, A.

Cejnek, J.

Cihak, E.

Ciszek, J.

Czermak, J.

Dworak, W.

*Economo, C.F. von. (7)

Fiedler, P. (19)

*Flesch, J. (11)

Friedmann, W.

Haner, E.

Hesse, M.

Heyrowski, A.

Hieronimus, O.

Hinter, K.

Hold, Hermann

Huss, H.

*Illner, K.

Javor, J.

Kaiserfeld, R. von.

Kasulakow, W.

Keck, Z.

Kenese, W.

Király, K.

Klobucar, V.

Knirsch, A.

Kolowrat, A. Graf. (15)

Kreiner, E.

Lagler, B.V.

Latzel, J.

Lettis, A.

Libowitzky, A.

Mandl.

Mazuranic, B.

+Mosen.

Nemec, H.E. von.

Nittner, E.

Ockermüller, H.

+Petrovics, A. von. (13)

Pischof. A.R. von. (2)

Rabis, M.

Reisner, H.

Riedlinger, E. v. Kastrenberg.

Rosenthal, F.

+Russjan.

Sablatnig, J. (12)

Schartner, H.

Schindler, A.

Schonowsky, B.

Schönpflug, F.

Seidl, Franz.

Simon, R. (4)

Stanger, R.

Steiner-Göltl, E. v. A.

Stiploschek, M.

*Székely, M.

Tauszig, A.

Teufl von. Ferland, R.

Umlauff von F.

Vlaicu, A.

*Warchalowski, A. (1)

Warchalowski, K. (8)

Weiner, T.

Widmer, J.

+Wiesenbach, V.

Woseçek, W.

Private Aeroplanes.

At the end of March, 1913, the total number of private aeroplanes in the country was about twenty.

ETRICH Monoplanes.

Etrich Flieger Werke, Wiener Neustadt. Igo Etrich was a very early experimenter in conjunction with Wels. In 1909 he produced on his own account the first Etrich monoplane, a characteristic machine, which except for detail improvement, varying dimensions, etc., has not been appreciably altered since. (See Historical Section.)

Photo, C. Maleuit.

Model and date.

VII 1911.

VIII 1911-12.

2-seater

1912-13.

Limousine 2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

37 (11.30)

30¾ (9.30)

26¼ (8)

Span

feet (m.)

48 (14.60)

42 (12.80)

31¼ (9.50)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

380 (35)

323 (30)

280 (26)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

120 Daimler

100

60 Daimler

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

5

2

2

Remarks.—A number of VII & VIII have been sold for military purposes to the Austrian, Russian, German, and other governments.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Etrich VIII.

Photo, Guld.

Etrich. Limousine.

LOHNER-DAIMLER.

This firm is now amalgamated with Etrich.

1911.

1912-13.

Lohner Daimler Pfeilflieger.

Length

feet (m.)

...

32 (9.70)

Span

feet (m.)

...

44¼ (13.50)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

...

450 (42)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

...

926 (420)

useful lbs.(kgs.)

...

...

Motor

h.p.

60 Aust. Daimler

125 Aust. Daimler

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

50 (80)

62 (100)

Number built during 1912

?

4

Remarks.—Staggered and V shape. Late in 1911 one was purchased for the Austrian Army. In 1912 made a world's altitude. Passenger record, 4,530 metres (14,862 feet.)

MERCEP Monoplanes.

Mihalis Mercep, Aeroplanwerkstatte, Agram, Hungary. Russjan was connected with this firm, which built 2 biplanes to his designs in 1909. Russjan was killed in the second of these. In 1911, a Mercep was built.

1911.

1912-13.

Length

feet (m.)

29½ (9)

23 (7)

Span

feet (m.)

34-1/3 (10.50)

32½ (10)

Area

sq. feet (m²)

...

204 (19)

Weight

machine, etc. lbs. (kgs.)

...

617 (280)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

661 (300)

Motor

h.p.

...

50 Gnome

Number built

1

1

Mercep. 1912-13.

WARCHALOWSKI, Biplane.

Karl Warchalowski, Autoplan Werke, Odoakergasse 35, Vienna XVI.

A machine generally on M. Farman lines, but with different shaped ailerons and corners of the leading edge rounded.

WHITEHEAD.

Whitehead & Co., Fiume, Austria. The Whitehead Torpedo Co. has laid down plant for the production of hydro-aeroplanes.

ZIEGLER Monoplane.

Flugzengwerke Johann Ziegler, Vienna.

1912-13.

Length

feet (m.)

59 (18)

Span

feet (m.)

42¾ (13)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

586 (55)

Weight

total

1656 (750)

useful

...

Motor

h.p.

100 Mercedes

Speed

m.p.h. (k.m.)

50 (80)

Number built during 1912

2

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

Date of order.

Name.

Make.

Type.

Capacity in m³.

H.P.

Speed. m.p.h. (k.p.h.)

Remarks.

1909

M 1

Parseval P.L. 4

n.r.

2300

70

27 (45)

 

1909

M 2

Lebaudy-Juillot 6

s.r.

4800

100

23 (37)

Wrecked 1911 but repaired

1910

M 3

Körting (K.W. 1)

n.r.

3600

150

30½ (49)

 

1912

M 4

Zeppelin

22,000

450

47 (75)

Building.

Military Dirigible Pilots.

Cajanek, V.

Grebenz, K.

Hauswirth, J.

Heller, S.

Hofstätter, E.

Macher, M.

Tauber, F.

Tepser, G.E. von.

Weiss, H.

Private.

Date of commencement.

Name.

Make.

Type.

Capacity in m³.

H.P.

Speed m.p.h. (k.p.h.)

Remarks.

1910

MANNSBARTH-STAGL

Mann-Sl.

n.r.

8200

300

40 (65)

1912

BOEMCHER II

Boemcher II

2750

25 (40)

Two Renners and a Boemcher I have ceased to exist.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Adrario, K.

Baumann, F.

Becker, T.

Berlepsch, F.F. von.

Cassinone, A.

Fürst, A.

Hoffory, W.

Hinterstoisser, F.

Kaiser, K.

Mannsbarth, F.

Nowy, V.

Richter, von. B.

Stagel, H.

Stratmann, W.

Wagner, E. von. F.

Zborowski, J.

BOEMCHER II. (1912-13.) Non-rigid.

Building.

Length, ? feet (? m.) diameter, ? feet (? m.) volume, 77,000 c. feet (2,750 m³.)

Gas bags.—

Motor.—

Speed.—25 m.p.h. (40 k.p.h.)

Propeller.—

LEBAUDY-JUILLOT 6=Military M II. (1910.) Semi-rigid.

Length, 229¾ feet (10 m.) diameter, 36 feet (11 m.) volume, 170,000 c. feet (4,800 m³.)

Gas bags.—Austro-American Rubber Co.

Motor.—100 h.p. Mercedes.

Speed.—27 m.p.h. (45 km.)

Propellers.—Two 2-bladed.

Remarks.—Built by the Austrian Daimler works to Lebaudy-J. designs. Sister to the Russian Lebed.

KÖRTING-WIMPASSING (K-WI). Non-rigid=Military. M III. (1911.)

Maximum length, 213¼ feet (65 m.) maximum diameter, 34½ feet (10.50 m.) volume, 127,150 c. feet (3,600 m³.)

Total lift.— lbs. ( kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—2 ballonets of 15,900 c. feet (450 m³.)

Motors.—2 Körting, of 75 h.p. each (= 150 h.p.)

Speed.—30½ m.p.h. (49 km.) Made on trials March, 1911.

Propellers.—Two 4-bladed. Diameter, 9¾ feet (3 m.)

Steering.—Parseval style. This ship is generally an adaptation of the Parseval type. Accommodates 8 people. Completed 1911. Military airship.

Remarks.—

Uniform Dirigible Scale.

MANNSBARTH. Non-rigid (1911).
(Alias STAGL MANNSBARTH.)

Maximum length, ? feet (? m.) maximum diameter, ? feet (? m.) volume, 289,600 c. feet (8,200 m³.)

Total lift.— lbs. ( kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Divided into 4 compartments. Ballonet in each.

Motors.—2 of 150 h.p. each (= 300 h.p.)

Speed.—40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)

Propellers.—3. Diameter, 13 feet (4 m.) Also 1 helice.

Steering.—Helice used as elevator. Rudder aft. Forward and after ballonets also used as elevators, Parseval style. Completed 1911.

Remarks.—Built for Government, but not taken over.

PARSEVAL P.L. 4. Non-rigid. = MILITARY M I. (1909.)

Maximum length, 164 feet (50 m.) approx. diameter, 28¼ feet (8.60 m.) volume, ? c. feet (2,300 m³.)

Total lift.—5,730 lbs. (2,600 kgs.)

Gas bags.—Rubbered fabric by Austrian American Rubber Co.

Motor.—70-100 h.p. Mercedes Daimler. 1,200 r.p.m. at 70 h.p.

Speed.—27 m.p.h. (45 km.) made on trials.

Propellers.—Parseval type, semi-rigid, chain driven, 3-bladed. Diameter, 11½ feet (3.50 m.)

Steering.—Parseval system.

Remarks.—Built by the Austrian Motorluftschiff Gesellschaft to the Parseval type C design (see Germany). Taken over by the Austro-Hungarian Army, December, 1909. Has flown 6½ hours. Has risen to 1,150 metres and subsequently flown 1½ hours. Carries 4 persons, about 400 lbs. (180 kgs.) ballast, and fuel for 12 hours. Station: Fischamend.

BELGIAN.

(Revised by M. BRACKE, Aeronautical Engineer & Editor of "L'Aero Mécanique.")

Aerial Societies:—

Aero Club Belgique.

Aero Club of Hainault.

La Ligue Nationale Belgique.

Delta Club (Kites).

Ae. C. de Flanders.

Ae. C. du Littoral.

Ae. C. de Liege-Spa.

Aerial Journals:—

La Conquête de l'Air. (214 Rue Royale, Brussels) bimonthly, 5 francs p.a.

L'Aero Mécanique (Brussels edition). Chemin de St. Denis, Casteau, Mons., Belgium, 2.50 f.

L'Aviation Industrielle et Commerciale (monthly), Chemin de St. Denis, Casteau, Mons., 1.50 f.

Flying Grounds:—

Berchem.

Brasschaet (Military).

Camp de Casteau. (Aviation Industrielle & Commerciale).

Etterbeek, near Brussels.

Kiewit.

St. Job (private property Baron de Caters.).

BELGIAN AEROPLANES.

Military Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1912 the military air force consisted of three 50 h.p. Gnome H. Farman 1911 military, used for instructional purposes, and twenty-four 70 h.p. Gnome H. Farmans (model 1912 military), for war work:

The military school is at Brasschaet, near Antwerp. Major Campion in command.

The course is as follows:

1. Theoretical course.—Lectures on meteorology, structure of aeroplanes, aviation motors, etc.

2. Practical.—This, in addition to flight, consists of dismounting and replacing parts of aeroplanes and aerial motors, all general repairs, erecting hangars and aerial photography.

The school possesses nine hangars, of which three are Bessonneau type, three wooden, and three metal.

For 1913 the sum of £20,000 is to be expended for purchase of aeroplanes and the establishment of aerial squadrons at Antwerp, Liege, and Brasschaet.

These are organised into six squadrons of four units each. The full complement of each squadron is eight aviators, fifteen to 20 mechanics, etc., and six citizen soldiers.

The question of hydro-avions for the Congo is under consideration.

AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Belgique pilot certificate number.)

Military.

Broune, Lieut. (37)

Cozic, R. (23)

Dhanis, Lieut. (35)

Heinter Poorten (47)

Lebon, Lieut. (36)

Moulin, E. (45)

Movtens, Lieut. (19)

Nelis, Lieut, (in command) (28)

Robert, V. (47)

Sarteel, Lieut. (26)

Sournoy, J. (46)

Tocy, Lieut.

Private.

Allard, E. (4)

Armand, C. (22)

Baugniet, Edmond (18)

Boel

Bracke, A.

Camille, Amand (22)

Christiaens, Joseph (7)

Crombez (25)

De Caters, Baron (1)

De Heel, Emile (24)

D'Hespel, Comte Joseph (15)

De la Hault, Adhemar

De Laet, E. (31)

De Laminne, Chev (9)

De Jonckeer (44)

Depireux, Isidore (20)

De Petrovsky, Alexandre (11)

De Ridder, Alphonse (13)

De Roy, W. (41)

Descommines

Deudeuner, A. (43)

Dolphyn (40)

Doneryos, J. (33)

Duray, A. (3)

Dutrieu, Mdlle. H. (27)

Fischer, Jules (12)

Frenay, Fernand (21)

Hanciau, P. (34)

Hanouilleo, P. (42)

Hasen

Lamblotte, F. (29)

Lanser, Alfred (16)

Lescart, F. (30)

Mestagh, G. (39)

Michez, S.R. (32)

Olieslagers, Jan (5)

Olieslagers, Max

Orta, José

Peeters

Pickard

Stellingwerff, J. (49)

Tyck, Jules (8)

Van den Born, Chas. (6)

Verschaeve, Fernand (17)

Verstraeten, Léon (14)

The following Belgian aviators have been killed:—

Kinet, Daniel (2)

Kinet, Nicolas (10)

Verrept, John (38)

BEHUEGHE

(Bron), in Herseun. Built in 1912. A monoplane that flew very well at camp of Casteau Aerodrome during May—October. Motor.—25. h.p. type Morane. New designs in wing construction, landing chassis, etc.

A. BRACKE

(formerly Bracke, Missyon & Co.), Casteau, Mons. In 1910, constructed the first aeroplane built by a Belgium firm—a monoplane with planes at 120. This machine has not been duplicated: but the firm have since built machines to private specifications. The only firm which has in Belgium the speciality of aeronautical patents.

DE BROUCKERE,

23 rue Joardens, Brussels. Biplane. H. Farman. type. Built in 1911, modified in 1912.

DE LA HAULT

Adhémar de la Hault, 214 rue Royale, Brussels. In 1906, built a flapper of novel design. This was followed in 1910, by a machine on monoplane lines with one fixed plane and two flapping wings. This failed to fly, and in August, 1911, was altered into a biplane. It did not succeed, however. M. Hault is still pursuing the ornithopter question.

HAREL I. Biplane.

Length.—49¼ feet (15 m.) Surface.—344½ sq. feet (32 m².) Weight.—771 lbs. (350 kgs.), flying order. Warping wings. Monoplane tail. Motor.—50 h.p. Gnome, mounted just under and forward of the upper wing. Tractor.—1 Chauviere. Elevator placed 1 in front and 1 in rear, H. Farman style. Rudders, 2 in rear. Completed May, 1911. For further details see Conquete de l'Air, July 1st, 1911. Property of M. Van der Stegen.

WILLIAMS. Biplane.

Motor.—70 h.p. E.N.V. Generally of headless Voisin type on a Farman body. Completed 1911. Has flown fairly well.

BELGIAN DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

1910.

1. LA BELGIQUE II (late I) 4,000 m³.

1911.

2. LA BELGIQUE III

Note.—La Belgique I was built in 1909 and re-built 1910.

Private.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES 6,000 m³.

LA BELGIQUE II. (No. 1 rebuilt.) Military.

Length, 226 feet (64.8 m.) maximum diameter, 35 feet (10.75 m.) capacity, 141,300 cubic feet (4,000 m³.) total lift, 9,921 lbs. (4,500 kgs.)

Gas bag.—Rubber proofed Continental fabric. Ballonet, filled by a separate motor giving 7.5 inches of water pressure. Warm air can be pumped in if required. Ballonet, 28,250 c. feet (800 m³.)

Motors.—2, each of 60 h.p., Vivinus, 4-cylinder, 112×130.

Propellers.—1 in front of the car. 285 revolutions per minute. Wood construction.

Speed.—25 miles per hour. 40 km. per hour.

Planes.—Horizontal: a gas tube bent horizontally round the tail. Vertical: vertical fins on the tail, and a long vertical keel under the gas bag.

Car.—A girder, square in section, tapered at both ends. Built of tubular steel. Length, 82 feet (25 m.)

Miscellaneous.—Built by L. Godard, France, 1909. Crew, 3 men. Accommodation for 1 passenger. Fuel for 10 hours. Greatest height attainable, 3,280 feet (1,000 m.)

Table of weights.—

Gas bag, complete with ballonet, valves, planes,

lbs.

kgs.

suspension, etc

1,951

885

Propellers (2)

275½

125

Blower

33

15

3 h.p. motor for blower

33

15

Motors (2) complete with gearing and shafting

1,410

640

Car

992

450

Fuel for 10 hours

738½

335

Ballast

826¾

375

1 passenger (or ballast)

154

70

Crew (3)

463

210

Guide ropes, etc

220

100

Miscellaneous

88

40

About

7,165

3,250

Remarks.—Reconstructed in the winter of 1909. There are two noteworthy innovations in connection with the ballonet. (1) The ballonet can be warmed by the motor. (2) In case of real emergency air can be pumped direct into the gas bag. Experiments of the utmost importance to all airships are in progress with a view to ridding the gas of this air cheaply and quickly.

LA BELGIQUE III. Military.

Presented 1910 to the Belgian Government by H.M. the King of the Belgians. 4,500 m³. Practically same as II, but has 3 propellers. Motors.—Two 100 h.p. Germain.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES.

(Formerly known as LA FLANDRE.)

(Astra type.)

Maximum length, 256 feet (78 m.) maximum diameter, 41 feet (12.4 m.) volume, 212,000 c. feet (6,000 m³.)

Total lift.—15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) Useful lift, ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)

Gas bags.—Continental rubbered fabric, yellow. Ballonet, 16,146 c. feet (1,500 m³.)

Motors.—2 Pipe motors of 100 h.p. each, placed in line with each other in the fore and aft line, and with clutches and the necessary gearing in between them.

Speed.—35 m.p.h.

Propellers.—3, namely: one at the fore end, driven by the two motors when coupled together, and two placed above and on either side of the centre of the car, for use when only one motor is running. Chauvière propellers.

Steering.—Vertical steering by means of a large double aeroplane fixed above the car, about a third from the front. Horizontal steering by means of a double vertical rudder above the rear end of the car. Stability is secured by the usual Astra pear shaped stabilising gas bags, with fins of rubbered cloth spread between the inner edges of these shapes.

Remarks.—The distinctive feature of this ship is the arrangement of the propellers. Both motors can be coupled either on to the front propeller or on to the two rear propellers, or on to all three together, but they are actually intended only to drive the front one. On stopping either motor the other is connected to the two rear propellers, which are designed for a slower speed of translation than the front one, with the result that the running motor does not find itself overloaded as it would if the same propeller had to serve both for one and for two motors.

BRAZILIAN.

AVIATORS.

Garos, Queiroz, Robert, Henri, Santos-Dumont, Versepuiz.

There are possibly one to two aeroplanes in Brazil, but the well-known aviators live in France. Little or nothing seems doing in Brazil as yet.

BRITISH.

Aerial Societies:—

Royal Aero Club.

Aerial League.

Aeronautical Society. (Premier Society, founded 1866.)

Brooklands Aero Club.

There were once a great many local aero clubs, but the majority of these have ceased to exist and with one or two possible exceptions all the rest are moribund.

Aerial Journals, etc.:—

Aeronautical Journal. Quarterly. 53, Victoria St., London, S.W.

Aeronautics. 3d. monthly. 27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

The Aero. 6d. monthly. 20, Tudor St., London, E.C.

Flight. 3d. every Saturday. 44, St. Martins Lane, London, W.C. (Official organ of the R. Ae. C.)

The Aeroplane. 1d. weekly, 166, Piccadilly, London.

All the World's Aircraft. 21/-. Annual. 100, Southwark Street, London, S.E. and 5, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

In addition, the Car Illustrated and the Motor devote considerable space to aerial matters.

Principal Flying Grounds:—

Aldershot.—Army school.

Brighton, Shoreham Aerodrome. Aero school.

Brooklands.—Bristol school.

Camber Sands, Rye, Sussex.—At low tide moderately hard sand and soft places. Area two miles by one mile.

Dagenham (Aeronautical Society).

Dartford Marsh.—Vickers school.

Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton.

Eastbourne. Aerodrome School.

Eastchurch, Sheppey.—(R. Ae. C.) 350 acres. Sheds. Members only. R. Naval school.

Filey.—Blackburn school.

Hendon.—Grahame-White, Blackburn, Bleriot, Deperdussin, Temple and Ewen schools.

Lanark.—Deperdussin school.

Liverpool (Melly school).

Llandudno & North Wales.—Aerodrome.

Mapplin Sands, Essex.—(Foulness). Very hard sand at low tide. Area ten miles by four miles. Property of War Office. Flying forbidden in winter.

Salisbury Plain.—Bristol school. Vast space available. Plenty of fairly smooth ground. Army school.

Shoreham.—(See Brighton).

Upavon. Central flying school (R. Flying Corps.)

BRITISH MILITARY AVIATION.

Royal Flying Corps.

In 1912 the Royal Flying Corps was instituted. It consists of two wings, navy and army, with a central flying school at Upavon, Salisbury Plain.

The staff is as follows:—

Commandant: Paine, Capt. G.M., M.V.O., R.N.
Secretary: Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster J.H., R.N.
Medical Officer: Lithgow, Capt. E.G.R., R.A.M.C.
Quarter-Master: Kirby, Hon. Lieut. (Qr.-Mr.), V.C.
Instructor in Theory and Construction: Cook, Lieut.-Col. H. R., R.A.
Instructor in Meteorology: Dobson, G., Esq.
Instructors in Flying:
Fulton, Capt. J. D. B., R.A.
Gerrard, Capt. E. L., R.M.
Shepherd, Lieut. P. A., R.N.
Trenchard, Mt. Maj. H. M., D.S.O., R. Sc. Fus.
Salmond, Capt. J. M., R. Lanc. R.
Inspector of Engines: Randall, Eng.-Lieut. C. R. J., R.N.

Royal Aircraft Factory.

This is situated at Farnborough. Mervyn O'Gorman is superintendent. There are large sheds. Some B E biplanes have been built here, but the principal object of the factory is understood to be repairs and maintenance.

Naval Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.

There is a special Air Department at the Admiralty with Captain M. F. Sueter, as Director, Commander O. Schwann and Lieut. C. L'Estrange-Malone, as Assistants, Eng. Lieut. G. W. S. Aldwell, as Eng. Inspector.

Officers are graded Flying Officers, then Flight Commanders, thence to Squadron Commanders.

The flying school is at Eastchurch, Sheppey. Commander Sampson, S.C., in command. There are at present four air stations: (1) Isle of Grain, (2) Calshot, (3) Harwich, (4) Yarmouth.

At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 32; of which about 16 were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.

These machines were as follows:—

7 monoplanes ( = 1 Bleriot, 2 Deperdussin, 1 Etrich, 1 Nieuport, 2 Short).
15 biplanes ( = 1 Avro, 2 Bristol, 1 Breguet, 1 Caudron, 2 H. Farman, 1 M. Farman, 5 Short, 2 Sopwith).
10 hydro-avions ( = 1 Astra, 1 Avro, 2 Borel, 1 Donnet-Leveque, 1 H. Farman, 1 M. Farman, 3 Short).

The personnel is as follows (number after names is the R. Ae. C. brevet number):—

Squadron Commanders.

Gerrard, Capt. F. L., R. M. (76)
Gordon, Capt., R. M. (161)
Gregory, Lieut. (75)
L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
Longmore, Lieut.
Sampson, Com. C. R. (71)
Shepherd, Lieut. P. A. (215)

Flight Commanders.

Courtney, Lieut. I. T. (R. M.)
Grey, Lieut. Spencer (117)
Risk, Capt. C. E., R. M. (303)
Seddon, Lieut. J. W. (296)

Flying Officers.

Those marked * are under instruction, not yet graded.

*Agar, Lieut. A.W.S.

Babington, Lieut. J.T. (408)

Bigsworth, Lieut. A.W. (390)

*Bobbett, Boatswain H.C. (334)

Bowhill, Lieut. F.W. (397)

*Brodribb, Lieut. F.G. (481)

Courtney, Lieut. I.T., R.M.

Courtney, Lieut. C.L. (328)

*Davies, Lieut. R.B. (90)

*Edmonds, Lieut. G.H.K.

*Fawcett, Capt. H., R.M.

*Gaskell, Lieut. A.B.

*Hathorn, Lieut. G.H.V., R.M.

Hewlett, Sub. Lieut., F.E.J.

Kennedy, Lieut. J.B.

*Maude, Lieut. C.E.

*Noyes, Asst. Paymaster, C.R.F.

Oliver, Lieut. E.A. (425)

*Parker, Asst. Paymaster E.B. (415)

Rathbone, Lieut., C.E., R.M.

Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)

*Sitwell, Lieut. W.G.

Travers, Lieut. J.L.

Vernon, Lieut. H.D. (404)

Wildman-Lushington, Lt. G.V., R.M.A.

The following R.N. officers and men are aviators employed in various duties at the Admiralty, at the Central Flying School or at Eastchurch:—

Aldwell, Eng. Lieut. G.W.S.

Andrews, J.C. (372)

Ashton, Ldg. Seaman

Batemad, Able Seaman P.E. (446)

Briggs, Eng. Lieut. E.F.

Brownridge, Carp.

Collins, Art. Eng. J.V.

Cresswell, Lieut. T.S., R.M. (420)

Deakin, A. (333)

Gerrard, Capt., R.M. (76)

L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)

Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster H.J. (402)

O'Connor, Art. Eng. T. (280)

Paine, Capt. G.M. (217)

Randall, Eng. Lieut. (81)

Schwann, Com. O. (203)

Scarff, Art. Eng. F.W.

Shaw, Shipwright D. (465)

Shepherd, Lieut. P. (288)

Susans, F. (380)

Wells, Staff. Surg. H.V.

The following have privately secured pilot certificates in the years mentioned but are not employed in the R.F.C. for aeroplane work. Some of them, however (D), are employed in the airship section:—

1911.

Bower, Lieut. J.A. (161)
Clark-Hall, Lieut. (127)
Leveson-Gower, Com.
Williamson, Lieut. (150)
Williamson, Lieut. H.A. (160)

Naval. 1912.

Blatherwick, Lieut. G. (450)
Brown, Com. A M.T. (345)
Edwards, Lieut. C.H.H.
D Freeman Williams, Lt. F.A.P.(202)
Head, Lieut, G.G.W. (191)
Hooper, Sub. Lt. C.W.W. (382)
Johnson, Capt. C.D.
D Masterman, Com. E.A.D. (Ae.C.F.)
Prickett, Lieut. C.B. (381)
Trewin, Asst. Paymaster (294)
D Usborne, Lieut. N.F. (449)
Wheeler, Mid. N.F. (370)

Naval. 1913.

D Boothby, Lieut. F.L.M. (Ae.C.F.)
Brady, B.J.W. (394)
Brown, Lieut. A.C.G. (398)
Dobie, Lieut. W.F.R. (448)
Fitzmaurice, Lieut. R. (447)
Freeman, S.T. (393)
Littleton, Sub. Lieut. H.A. (405)
Picton-Warlow, Lieut. W. (451)
Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)

Army Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.

The Army wing has its headquarters at S. Farnborough, its constitution being as follows:—

1st squadron (airships or kites) see Dirigible Section.
2nd squadron (aeroplanes) base at Montrose.
3rd squadron (aeroplanes) base at Salisbury Plain.
4th squadron (aeroplanes) base at S. Farnborough.
(Four more aeroplane squadrons pro.)

An aeroplane squadron nominally consists of 18 aeroplanes (9 in service, 9 remounts). At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes, including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 110, of which about 50 (including some monoplanes not in use) were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.

The total of 110 was thus made up:—

22 monoplanes (= 2 Bleriot, 4 Bristol, 5 Deperdussin, 4 Howard-Flanders, 1 Martinsyde, 6 Nieuport).
86 biplanes (= 4 Avro, 22 B.E. type,[A] various makers), 2 Breguet, 2 Caudrons, 30 Farman (various types),
6 Short—and about 20 Avro or Farman or Short not delivered.

Squadron Commanders.

Brooke-Popham, Capt. H.R.M. (108)
Burke, Capt, C.J. (46) (Ae.C.F. 260)
Carden, Lt. A. D. (239)
Cook, Lt.-Col. H. R. (42)
Fulton, Major J. D. B. (27)
Raleigh, Capt. G. H. (196)
Trenchard, Major H. M. (270)

Flight Commanders.

Allen, Capt. C. R. W. (159)
Beor, Lt. B. R. W. (R.A.) (185)
Becke, Capt. J. H. W. (236)
Connor, Lt. D. G. (54)
Fox, Lt. A. G. (176)
Higgins, Major J. F. A. (R.A.) (264)
Longcroft, Lt. C. A. H. (192)
Reynolds, Lt. H. R. P. (R.E.)
Salmond, Capt. J. M.
Webb-Bowen, Capt. T. I. (242)

Flying Officers.

Abercromby, 2nd Lt. R. O. (134)

Allen, Lt. D. L. (318)

Anderson, Lt. E. V. (247)

Atkinson, Lt. K. P. (267)

Barrington-Kennett, Lt. B. H. (Adjutant) (43)

Beatty, Capt. W. D. (89)

*Birch, Lt. W. C. K. (375)

Board, Capt. A. G. S. (36)

Boyle, Lt. the Hon. D. G.

Burchardt-Ashton, Lt. A. E.

Burroughs, Lt. J. E. G.

Carmichael, Lt. G. I. (316)

*Chinnery, Lt. E. F. (211)

Cholmondeley, Lt. R. (271)

*Christie, Lt. A. (R.A.) (245)

Conran, Lt. E. L. (342)

*Corbalis, Lt. E. R. L.

Darbyshire, Capt. C. (257)

Dawes, Lt. L. (228)

Dawes, Capt. G. W. P. (17)

*Gill, Lt. N. J. (174)

Glanville, Lt. H. F. (307)

Gould, 2nd Lt. C. G. S. (282)

Harvey, Lt. E. G.

*Harvey-Kelley, Lt. H. D.

Herbert, Capt. P. L. W. (244)

Holt, Lt. A. V. (312)

Hubbard, 2nd Lt. T. O. B. (202)

Hynes, Lt. G. B. (R.A.) (40)

James, Lt. B. T.

Joubert, de la F. Lt. P. B. (280)

Lawrence, Lt. W.

MacDonnell, Capt. H. C. (273)

MacClean, Lt. A. C. H.

*Mapplebeck, Lt. G. W. C. (386)

Martyn, Lt. R. B.

Mead, Sergt. J. (475)

Mellor, Capt. C. (155)

*Mills, Lt. R. P. (377)

Moss, Bt.-Major L. B. (241)

*Musgrave, Capt. H. (R.E.)

*Mulcahy-Morgan, Lt. T. W.

*Noel, Lt. M. W. (416)

Pepper, Lt. J. W. (98)

*Picton-Warlow, Lt. W. (451)

Playfair, 2nd Lt. P. H. L. (283)

*Pretyman, Lt. G. F. (341)

Porter, Lt. G. T. (R.A.) (169)

Pryce, Hon. Lt. W. J. D. (Qr.-mr.)

*Read, Lt. A. M. (336)

*Rodwell, Lt. R. M.

Roupell, 2nd Lt N. S. (237)

Shepherd, Capt. G. S. (215)

Soames, Lt. A. H. L.

Small, Lt. F. G. D. (429)

*Small, Lt. R. G. (343)

Smith-Barry, 2nd Lt. R. R. (161)

Stopford. Lt. G. B.

*Todd, Lt. E. (185)

Thompson, Lt. A. B.

Tucker, Capt. F. St. G.

*Vaughan, 2nd Lt. R. M.

Wadham, 2nd Lt. V. H. N. (243)

Waldron, Lt. F. F. (260)

Wanklyn, Lt. F. A. (284)

Reserve.

Ashmore, Major E. B. (281)

Bell, 2nd Lt. C. G. (100)

De Havilland, 2nd Lt. G. (53)

Hartree. 2nd Lt. A. (214)

Henderson, Col. D. (118)

Marks, Lt. C. H. (83)

Pizey, 2nd Lt. C. P. (61)

Salmond, Capt. W. G. H.

Smith, Lt. S. C. W.

Unwin, Lt. E. F.

Warter, 2nd Lt. H. de V. (107)

Special Reserve. (2nd Lieuts. on probation.)

Biard, H. C., de la F. (218)

Busteed, H. R. (194)

Charteris, R. L. (197)

Cutler, H. D. (189)

Davies, E. K. (22)

*Fuller, E. N. (325)

Fuller, H. C. (Ae. C. F.)

Gibson. W. E. (129)

Hammond, J. J. (32)

Humphreys, G. N. (390)

Lerwill, F. W. H.

Metford, L. S. (146)

Perry, E. W. C. (130)

Rickards, G. B. (400)

Sippe, S. V. (172)

Spratt, N. C. (339)

Ware, D. C.

Wilson, C. D. (Ae. C. F. 136)

*Wilson, C. W. (329)

Young, D. G. (207)

The following have qualified privately, R. Ae. C. brevets, but are not at present employed in the Aeroplane Section:—

1910.

Gibb, Lt. (10)
Snowden Smith, Lt. (29)
Watkins, Lt. H. E. (25)
Wood, Capt. H. F. (37)

1911.

Blacker, Lt. (12)
Cross, Lt. (151)
Dickson, Capt. (Ae. C. F. 260)
Harford, Lt. (152)
Harrison, Capt. (158)
Hoare, Capt. (126)

Hooper, Lt. (149)
Hutchinson, Capt. Steele (143)
Manisty, Lt. G. (135)
Pitcher, Capt. (125)
Sebag-Montefiore, Lt. (93)
Smeaton, Lt.-Col. (115)
Strover, Lt. E. J. (145)

1912.

Agnew, Capt. C. H. (240)

Alston, Capt. R. C. W. (255)

Ashton, Lt. A. E. B. (201)

Bannerman, Major Sir A. (213)

Boger, Capt. R. (335)

Borton, Lt. A. E. (170)

Boyle, Capt. M. (241)

Brodigan, Lt. F. J. (200)

Broke-Smith, Capt. D. W. (204)

Bulkeley, Lt. H. T. (246)

Carfrae, Lt. G. T. (188)

Chamier, Capt. J. A. (340)

Cordner, Capt. R. H. L. (277)

Ellington, Capt. E. L. (305)

Empsom, Lt. J. (387)

Fielding, L. H. C. (212)

Fletcher, Lt. (229)

Hanlon, Lt. D. R. (311)

Jones, Lt. B. T. (230)

Lewis, Lt. D. (216)

Mackay, Lt. M. E. (177)

Mackworth, Lt. J. D. (209)

Martin-Barry, Lt. (Ae. C. F.)

McCudden, Capt. J. H. (269)

Miller, Capt. G. R. (313)

Murray, Lt. R. G. H. (320)

Nicholas, Capt. C. P. (266)

Penn-Gaskell, Lt. L. de C. (308)

Percival, Lt. D. (226)

Pollok, Lt. R. V. (379)

Powell, Capt. D. W. (389)

Price, Capt. C. L. (299)

Rawson, Lt. K. (249)

Reilly, Lt. H. L. (252)

Ridd, Corporal F. (227)

Roger, Capt. R. (335)

Stott, Capt. J. N. J. (373)

Styles, Lt. F. E. (338)

Thomas, Staff-Sergt. (276)

Trevenon, Lt. B. J. (230)

Weeding, Capt. (182)

Winfield-Smith, Lt. S. G. (187)

Worthington-Wilmer, Lt. F. M. (254)

1913.

Archer, Lt. R. H. (434)

Bayly, Lt. C. G. G. (441)

Bruce, Sergt. W. R. (467)

Bourke, Lt. U. J. D. (479)

Cameron, Major N. J. (478)

Chidson, Lt. M. R. (471)

Crogan, Lt. F. J. L. (460)

Harrison, Lt.

Hawker, Lt. L. G. (435)

Hordern, Lt. L. C. (440)

Hosking, Lt. C. G. (472)

Hunter, Sergt.

Kemper, Sergt. K. (444)

Lee, Lt. C. F. (431)

Maclean, Lt. L. L. (427)

Marshall, Lt. R. (470)

McMullern, Lt. J. D. (436)

Merrick, Major G. C. (484)

Mitchell, Lt. W. G. S. (483)

Read, Lt. W. R. (463)

Rees, Lt. Col. W. B. (392)

Stafford, Sergt. W. G. (438)

Street, Sergt. E. J. (439)

Thomas, Sergt. Major

Vagg, Sergt. H. R. (443)

The above figures are mainly taken from The Aeroplane, 1st May, 1913.

* = under instruction; not yet graded.

[A] Twelve of these B.E. were held up pending some special steel wire strainers which had been specified.

BRITISH AVIATORS—PRIVATE.
PRIVATE AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the R. Ae. C. pilot certificate number).

To end of 1911.

Abbott, C. R. (101)

Aitken, A. H. (56)

Anderson, J. A. (164)

Archer, Ernest (Ae. C. F. 214)

Ballard, F. M. (151)

Barber, H. (30)

Barnes, G. A. (16)

Blackburn, H. (79)

Bowens, R. G. (39)

Boyle, Hon. Alan (13)

Bretherton, John (136)

Breton, J. (136)

Brown, H. B. (109)

Chataway, J. D. (167)

Challenger, G. H. (58)

Chambers, C. F. M. (168)

Cockburn, G. B. (5)

Cockerell, P. (132)

Cody, S. F. (9)

Conway-Jenkins, F. (74)

Crawshay, R. (133)

Colmore, G. C. (15)

Dacre, G. B. (162)

Darroch, G. R. S. (59)

Dolphin, W. H. (82)

Dunkinfield-Jones (138)

Ducroq, M. (23)

Dyott, G. M. (114)

Driver, E. F. (110)

Egerton, M. Hon. (11)

England, Gordon (68)

Esterre, C. R. (Ae. C. F. 259)

Ewen, W. H. (63)

Fleming, H. R. (69)

George, A. E. (19)

Graham-White, Claud (6) (Ae. C. F. 30)

Gresswell, C. H. (26)

Grey, W. H. de (107)

Halse, E. (131)

Hamel, Gustav (64) (Ae. C. F. 358)

Harding, Howard (Ae. C. F. 213)

Harrison, Eric (131)

Hewlett, Mrs. (122)

Higginbotham, Gerald (96)

Hilliard, W. M. (102)

Hubert, Charles (57)

Hotchkiss, E. (87)

Houdini, Harry

Hucks, B. G. (91)

Hunter, A. (137)

Johnston, St. Croix, P. G. (41)

Johnstone, W. Barnley (103)

Kemp, R. C. (80)

Keith-Davies, E.

King

Knight, Archibald (60)

Lawrence, W. (113)

Longstaffe, J. L. (140)

Loraine, Robert (Ae. C. F. 126)

Low, A. R. (34)

Macdonald, L. F. (28)

Maron, Louis (62)

Martin, J. V. Mrs. (55)

Macfie, R. (49)

McArdle, W. E. (Ae. C. F.)

M'Clean, F. K. (21)

Mellersh, O. S. (155)

Melly, H. G. (Ae. C. F.)

Moorhouse, W. B. R. (147)

Morrison, O. C. (46)

Moore-Brabazon, J. (1)

Noel, Louis (116)

Ogilvie, A. (7)

Pashley, Cecil L. (106)

Pashley, E. C. (139)

Paterson, C. E. (38)

Paul, E. A. (Ae. C. F.)

Percival, N. S. (111)

Petre, H. A. (128)

Philpott, R. W. (81)

Pixton, H. (50)

Prentice, W. R. (67)

Radley, J. (12)

Rawlinson, A. (3)

Raynham, F. P. (85)

Roe, A. V. (18)

Salmet, H. (99)

Sassoon, E. V. (52)

Santoni, L.

Singer, A. M. (8) (Ae. C. F. 24)

Slack, R. B. (157)

Smith, S. E. (33)

Smith, W. W. (Ae. C. F.)

Spencer, H. (124)

Somers-Somerset (Ae. C. F. 151)

Sopwith, T. (31)

Stanley-Adams, H. (97)

Stark (Ae. C. F. 110)

Stocks, Mrs. C. de B. (153)

Thomas, J. H. (51)

Travers, J. L. (86)

Turner, C. C. (70)

Turner, L. W. F. (66)

Valentine, J. (47)

Watt, W. O. (112)

Weir, J. D. (24)

Weston, John (Ae. C. F.)

Wickham, R. F. (20)

Woodward, G. A. T. (Ae. C. F.)

To end of 1912.

Barnwell, R. H. (278)

Beech, A. C. (Ae. C. F.)

Bendall, W. (180)

Bettington, A. V. (326)

Birch, E. (322)

Brock, W. L. (285)

Cheeseman, W. E. (293)

Featherstone, W. (384)

Fowler, F. H. (221)

Gates, R. T. (225)

Garne, T. (173)

Geere, A. E. (310)

Gill, R. W. R. (258)

Hall, H. W. (332)

Hall, J. L. (291)

Hardman, W. L. (323)

Harrison, W. J. (275)

Hawker, H. G. (297)

Hedley, W. S. (274)

Hewitt, V. (302)

Higginbotham, V. C. (317)

Holyoake, R. G. (268)

James, J. H. (315)

James, H. H. (344)

Kershaw, R. H. (248)

Lister, R. A. (250)

Nesham, H. P. (219)

Nevill, M. R. (223)

Manton, M. D. (231)

Meredith, C. W. (193)

Merriam, F. W. (179)

Parr, S. (184)

Payze, Arthur (337)

Potet, A. (224)

Prensiel, G. (198)

Simms, R. H. (261)

Stodart, Dr. D. E. (321)

Summerfield, S. (292)

Sutton, E. F. (295)

Sweetman-Powell, H. (251)

Taylor, V. P. (376)

Tremlett, L. A. (208)

Wood, V. G. (171)

Wynne, A. M. (314)

Wright, H. S. (331)

Yates, V. (306)

1913 (Brevets from 400 onward).

Andreas, F. G. (477)

Barron, J. C. (480)

Hodgson, W. P. (433)

Kehrmann, J. C. (420)

King, R. A. (482)

Lane, H. T. G. (418)

Lawford, E. H. (442)

Macandrew, H. E. W. (401)

Macneill, W. (Ae. C. F.)

McNamara, J. C. (445)

Minchin, F. R. (419)

Muller, P. M. (432)

Temple, G. L. (424)

Thompson, A. B. A. (452)

Tower, H. C. (466)

Rainey, T. H. (474)

Russell, A. L. (406)

Stewart, H. (473)

Strain, L. H. (476)

The following British aviators have been killed:

1910.

Rolls, Hon. C. (2)

1911.

Benson, R.

Cammell, Lieut. (45)

Grace, Cecil (4)

Napier (104)

Oxley, H. (78)

Ridge, T. (119)

Smith, V.[B]

1912.

Allen, D. L. (183)

Astley, J. H. D. (48)

Bettington, Lt. C. A. (256)

Campbell, Lindsay (220)

Clark, Miss J.

Fenwick, R. C. (35)

Fisher, E. V. B. (77)

Gilmour, Graham (Ae. C. F.)

Hardwick, A.

Hamilton, Capt. P. (194)

Hotchkiss, Lieut.

Loraine, Capt. (154)

Petre, Edward (259)

Parke, Lieut. W. (73)

Wilson, St. Serg. (232)

Wyness-Stuart, Lt. A.

1913.

Arthur, Lt. Desmond (233)

Berne, Paym'st'r (R.N.)

England, G. (301)

Macdonald, L. F.

Rogers-Harrison, Lieut. L. C. (205)

 

[B] Killed in Russia.

BRITISH AEROPLANES

A

AIRCRAFT FACTORY.

Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, near Aldershot. For a long time this establishment had been engaged in dirigible construction and repairs. In 1911 it was decided to expand it in connection with the Royal Flying Corps. Its precise functions are somewhat uncertain. Its nominal main purpose is the repair, etc., of Service Aircraft. During 1912, however, it turned out several machines to a design of its own, known as the "B.E." This design was at one time regarded as confidential; but subsequently duplicates were built by private contractors, and the design illustrated below, published by the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

B.E. type. R.A.F. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Length, 29½ feet (9 m.)

Span.—36¾ feet (11.20 m.)

Area.—374 sq. feet (34¾ m².)

Weight.—

Motor.—75 h.p. Renault and others.

Speed.—

AERO'S Ltd.

St. James' Street, Norwich Union Buildings, Piccadilly, London, S.W. Established 1912 for the sale of all parts and accessories; also for the sale of second hand aeroplanes and motors of all makes. Does not construct at present.

AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING Co., Ltd.

47, Victoria Street, London, S.W. Works: Hendon, London, N.W. This company established in 1912, holds all the British rights for the H. & M. Farman types. It constructs in England all Farman types at its own works. (See Farman, French).

AVRO. Aeroplanes.

A. V. Roe & Co., Clifton Street, Miles Platting, Manchester; also Shoreham, Sussex. A. V. Roe designed his first machine, a biplane, in 1906. It was the first British machine to leave the ground. He then experimented with triplanes in Lea Marshes, where he managed to fly with only 9 h.p. in 1908-9. In August, 1910, built Roe III, and in September, Roe IV, also triplanes (see 1911 edition for full details). In 1911 he abandoned triplanes for the Avro biplane. School: Shoreham.

Photo, Alan H. Burgoyne, Esq., M.P.

Type D (1911).

Model.

D 1911-12.

2-seater biplane.

E 1912.

2-seater biplane.

F 1912.

Totally enclosed mono.

G 1912-13.

Totally enclosed biplane.

E 1912-13.

Hydro-biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

31 (9.45)

29 (8.84)

23 (7)

29 (8.84)

33 (10)

Span

feet (m.)

31 (9.45)

36 (11)

28 (8.50)

36 (11)

47½ (14.50)

Area

sq. ft. (m².)

279 (26)

335 (32)

158 (14½)

335 (32)

478 (34½)

Weight

empty lbs. (kgs.)

800 (363)

900 (482)

550 (249)

1191 (540)

1740 (789)

fully loaded, lbs. (kgs.)

...

1300 (589)

800 (363)

1700 (771)

2700 (1224)

Motor

h.p.

35, any make

50 Gnome

40 Viale

60 Green

100 Gnome

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

48 (78)

61 (97)

65 (105)

61.8 (100)

55 (90)

Number built during 1912

several

6

1

1

1

Remarks.—Of the above, 4 of the 50 Gnome E type were purchased by the British Royal Flying Corps, and one by the Portuguese Government; the other went to Windermere on January, 1913, for hydro experiments. Climbing speed of this type is 440 feet per min. (134 m.) Dual control fitted. D type are no longer being built. Climbing speed of F type, 300 feet per min. (91.5 m.) Gliding angle, 1 in 6. G has a gliding angle 1 in 6.5. On October 24th, 1912, made British record to date, 7'31½" (=450 miles). The hydro. was delivered to the British R.F.C. naval wing early in 1913.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Avro. Type D (1911-12).

E type Standard 50 h.p. Avro Biplane.

No suitable photo available.

The machine is on usual lines. The first had a single float, but now two floats are used.

E type 100 h.p. Avro Hydro-biplane.

F type Enclosed Avro Mono.

G type Enclosed Avro Biplane.

B

BLACKBURN Aeroplanes.

Blackburn Aeroplane Co., Balm Road, Leeds. Blackburn produced his first machine early in 1910 (see 1911 edition for details). In the latter part of that year he designed the machine which ultimately developed into the Blackburn military. In 1911 other types were produced, all being fitted with the patent Blackburn triple control. School at Filey Hucks has been the principal Blackburn flyer. The type has also been very successfully flown by naval officers. Capacity of works: about 24 a year.

1912-13.

Military. 2-seater.

1912-13.

Military. 1-seater.

1913.

Hydro-biplane. 2-seater.

Length

32 feet (9.75 m.)

25 feet (7.60 m.)

33 feet (10 km.)

Span

40 feet (12.20 m.)

32 feet (9.75 m.)

44 & 36 ft. (13.40 & 11 km.)

Area

276 sq. ft. (26 m².)

195 sq. ft. (18 m².)

410 sq. ft. (38 m².)

Weight

(total)

...

750 lbs. (340 kgs.)

1250 lbs. (507 kgs.)

Motor

h.p.

...

50 Gnome.

80 Gnome or 100 Anzani

Speed

55-65 m. (90-105 km.)

60 m. (97 km.)

65 m. (105 km.)

Notes.—Petrol for 5 hours (higher endurances can be fitted). Specially designed for military work—all steel construction. All parts unwelded to admit of rapid displacement. Clear observation provided for.

Fuselage.—The fuselage is V shaped and constructed of weldless steel tubing in the form of a lattice girder. The main longitudinals are of round section; cross members, oval section. Connections are not welded but made with strong steel clips so that should any member become damaged a new one can be readily arranged. The front portion is covered with sheet metal giving additional strength and reducing the head resistance. Stream line form tapering towards the rear which is covered with fabric.

Chassis.—Two long skids connected up to fuselage by metal struts. Each skid borne by a pair of wheels, axle held down by elastic shock absorbers. On the axle of the wheels are fitted steel springs which take side thrust. Each pair of wheels held by radius rods forming a bogie.

Control.—Patent Blackburn triple, independent or simultaneous on hand wheel, but special foot control for rudder is fitted if desired.

In 1912, five machines were built, of which two were of the mil. model. Others, non-military models (see last edition.)

Military monoplane.

BRISTOL.

The British & Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd., Filton House, Bristol. Founded 1910. Capital (1913), ? Have very extensive works (area. ? sq. feet) on the outskirts of Bristol, employing over 300 men, where they manufacture to their own designs practically every type of flying machine. Flying grounds: Salisbury Plain, Brooklands. 105 Royal Aero Club certificates won on Bristol machines during 1912 (of which 86 were officers of His Majesty's Forces).

Military mono.

2-seater 80hp

1912-13. Military mono.

2-seater. 50h.p.

1912-12.

Tractor biplane

1913.

School mono.

Side by side.

Length

feet (m.)

28¼ (8.60)

23-2/3 (7.20)

27¾ (8.47)

Span

feet (m.)

42-1/3 (12.90)

39-1/3 (12)

34-1/3 (10.44)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

221 (20.6)

226 (22)

370 (34.4)

Total

machine, lbs. (kgs.)

1719 (771)

1323 (600)

1764 (800)

weight

useful lbs. (kgs.)

710 (322)

551 (250)

1200 (544)

Motor

h.p.

80 Gnome

50 Gnome

70 Renault

50 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

73 (118)

62 (100)

70 (112)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

4

3-4

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

Notes.—Monoplane: Box section fuselage convex on bottom side to minimise resistance. Mounted on 2 wheels and 2 skids with smaller wheels attached at the forward end. Bristol tractor. Biplane: Box section fuselage, convex on top and bottom sides. Mounted as monoplane. Bristol tractor. This machine is the latest production of the Bristol Co., and has proved an exceptionally successful flyer. Designed by M. Coanda.

80 h.p. monoplane.

70 h.p. biplane. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BLERIOT Aeronautics.

Belfast Chambers, 156, Regent Street, London, W. School: Hendon. British office of the Bleriot firm (see France).

BRITISH BREGUET CO.,

1, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London, W. Works and offices: 5, Hythe Road, Cumberland Park, Willesden, London, N.W. Established 1912. Constructs in England Breguet models, some of which are beginning to vary in detail from the originals (see France).

BRITISH CAUDRON.

(See Ewen.)

BRITISH DEPERDUSSINS.

British Deperdussin Aeroplane Co., Ltd., 39, Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S.W. School: Hendon.

Chairman: Admiral The Hon. Sir E. R. Freemantle, G.C.B., C.M.G.

Managing Directors: Lieut. J. C. Porte, R.N., D. Laurence Santoni.

Secretary: N. D. Thompson.

This firm handles the French models of Deperdussins, but has in addition a special hydro-aeroplane of its own, of which one was built in 1912. Details of this special machine are:—Length, 27 feet 10 inches (8.50 m.) Span, 42 feet (12.80 m.) Area, 290 sq. feet (27 m².) Weight, total, 1,800 lbs. (816 kg.); useful, 1,250 lbs. (566 kg.) Motor, 100 h.p. Anzani. Speed, 67 m.p.h. (110 k.m.) Other models sold by the firm are of French type exactly (see France).

BRITISH DONNET-LEVEQUE.

Handled by Aeros, Ltd., 39, St. James' Street, Piccadilly, London, S.W. Company forming March, 1913 (see France). Works and school at Shoreham.

BRITISH FARMANS.

(See Aircraft Co.)

BRITISH HANRIOTS.

Hewlett & Blondeau, Omnia Works, Vardens Road, Clapham Junction, London, S.W. Construct all types of Hanriot machines (see France), also build to private specifications, and deal in accessories generally.

BRITISH NIEUPORTS.

Company forming 1913. Representative: M. Bonnier, 2, Goulders Green Crescent, London, N.W.

C

CODY.

Cody flying school, Farnborough. Cody commenced experiments with kites in very early days on behalf of the British Admiralty. Subsequently built the first British Army dirigible, and an experimental Army aeroplane. In 1909, his direct connection with the Army ceased. A Cody I was built in 1908. A Cody II was completed June 1910. The special features of both were: very strong construction, great size (II had area of 857 sq. feet), ailerons. Later types, except that warping is substituted for ailerons, do not differ very materially except in minor details. All wood construction.

1911.

4-seater biplane.

1913.

4-seater biplane.

Model. May,

1912.

Monoplane.

Length

feet (m.)

38 (11.60)

38 (11.60)

38 (11.60)

Span

feet (m.)

43 (13)

43 (13)

43½ (13.25)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

484 (44¾)

483 (44¾)

260 (19)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1900 (862)

1900 (862)

2400 (1088)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

1000 (453)

1000 (453)

700

Motor

60 Green, later a 100 Green

120 Aust. Daimler

120 Aust. Daimler

Speed

max m.p.h. (km.)

70 (115)

75 (120)

83 (135)

min m.p.h. (km.)

47 (75)

47 (75)

58 (95)

Number built to end of last year

1

1

1

Remarks.—The 1911 is the famous Cody, which, as a 60 h.p., won both Michelin 1911 prizes, and completed the Daily Mail circuit. As a 100 h.p. it won the 1912 Michelin cross-country. By the end of 1912 it is said to have flown a total of 7000 miles. The 1913 is practically a duplicate with a more powerful engine. Special features of the biplanes, maximum camber to lower plane. Both planes equal span. Very strong landing gear. Propeller chain driven: 1¾ to 1 gearing. In February, 1913, four biplanes were ordered for the British Army.

Cody lists a mono. for 1913 a trifle longer than the above; also five variations on the biplane of from 35 to 160 h.p., which can be built if required.

Biplane.

COVENTRY ORDNANCE.

The Coventry Ordnance Works, Ltd., Coventry. London office: 28, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. Established 1912. Capacity: 50 machines a year without difficulty.

1912.

Model 10.

Length

feet (m.)

29 (8.80)

Span

feet (m.)

56 (17)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

630 (58)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1900 (861)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

800 (362)

Motor

h.p.

100 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

60 (97)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

Number Built during 1912

2

Remarks.—Experimental machines.

D

DUNNE.

The Blair Atholl Aeroplane Syndicate, Ltd., 1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. School: Eastchurch. In 1906 Lieut. Dunne was employed by the British Army authorities for secret aeroplane experiments. He had at that time patented a monoplane of < type. In 1907 Dunne I was tried on the Duke of Atholl's estate in Scotland, but failed to fly, being smashed on the starting apparatus. Dunne III, a glider, 1908, was experimented with successfully by Lieut. Gibbs. In the same year Dunne IV, a larger power driven edition made hops of 50 yards or so. Early in 1910 the War Office abandoned the experiments. Dunne II, a triplane of 1906 design, was, by consent of the War Office, assigned to Prof. Huntingdon, who made one or two short flights with it at Eastchurch in 1910. At the same time the above syndicate was formed, and Dunne V, built by Short Bros., was completed in June, 1910. In 1912-13 the Huntingdon, modified, was flying well.

Model and Date.

50 Gnome.

1912-13

single-seat

mono.

D 7. 1912-13

2-seater

mono.

D 7 bis. 1912-13

biplane.

D 8. 1912-13

biplane.

D 9.

Length

feet (m.)

not given

...

...

...

Span

feet (m.)

35 (10.66)

35 (10.66)

46 (14)

45 (13.70)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

200 (18.5)

200 (18.5)

552 (51)

448 (42)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1050 (476)

1200 (544)

1700 (771)

1693 (768)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

359 (161)

528 (239)

414 (187)

509 (231)

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

70 Gnome

60 Green

80 Gnome

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

60 (95)

60 (95)

45 (70)

50 (80)

Number built during 1912

1

1

1

5 b'lding ('13)

Notes.—Biplane D 3 is identical with the original pattern Dunne V, except that it has only one propeller instead of two. It has been flown completely uncontrolled in a 20 m.p.h. wind, carrying a R. Ae. C. observer as passenger.

Original Dunne biplane D5.

E

EWEN.

The W. H. Ewen Aviation Co., London Aerodrome: Hendon. Also works at Lanark, Scotland (opened February, 1913). Hold the British rights for and construct at their works Caudron aeroplanes (see France).

F

FERGUSON.

J. B. Ferguson, Ltd., Belfast.

This machine first appeared in 1910. Owing to an accident to Mr. Ferguson it was laid up for a long time. About the end of 1912 it re-appeared. Principal details:—

Span.—40 feet (12.20 m.) Area.—230 sq. feet (21 m².) H.P. 40.

G

GRAHAME-WHITE.

The Grahame-White Aviation Co., Ltd., 166 Piccadilly, London, W. Works and Flying Ground: Hendon. Founded by C. Grahame-White, the well-known aviator, who in 1909 commenced operations with a school at Pau. Later this was removed to England, and a general agency for the sale of aeroplanes, etc., established. This developed, and early in 1911 the firm was handling a special British agency for the U.S. Burgess type known as "The Baby." The Hendon Aerodrome was acquired, and a factory established, which has grown continually ever since. In April, 1912, a monoplane to special design was completed. By the close of the same year biplanes of advanced design were constructed. Capacity of the works, March, 1913, was equal to 150 machines a year if necessary.

1913.

Military biplane.

Type VI.

2-seater.

1913.

"Popular"

biplane.

Type VII.

1-seater.

1913.

"Popular"

biplane.

Type VII.

2-seater.

1913.

Tractor

hydro-biplane.

Type VIII.

2-seater.

1913.

Monoplane.

Type IX. single-seat.

Length

feet (m.)

33¼ (10.10)

20-5/6 (6.40)

26-5/6 (8.22)

25 (7.60)

21 (6.40)

Span

feet (m.)

42 (12.80)

29-1/6 (8.85)

38 (11.60)

42½ (13)

32 (9.75)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

435 (40½)

230 (21)

475 (44)

380 (35)

208 (19)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

2200 (997)

...

...

850 (385)

...

useful lbs. (kgs.)

750 (340)

450 (204)

...

Motor

120 Aust. Daimler

50 Gnome

50 Gnome

80 Gnome

50 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h (k.p.h.)

70 (110)

60 (95)

50 (80)

65 (105)

65 (105)

min. m.p.h (k.p.h.)

55 (90)

50 (80)

40 (65)

50 (80)

...

Endurance

hrs.

6

4

4

4

4

Number built during 1912

1

...

...

1

...

Also built with a 90 Aust. Daimler. Designed to carry a gun on the bow. Very good view. Very strong landing carriage.

Also built with a 35

Also built with a 60

Also built with a 35 Anzani. Two main floats with 12½ ft. track. Floats are 15 ft. long, 2 ft. wide, 1 ft. 3 in. deep.

H

HOWARD-FLANDERS.

L. Howard-Flanders, Ltd., 31, Townsend Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. School: Brooklands. Established February, 1912, by Howard-Flanders, whose connection with aviation dates from the pioneer days. Richmond Works opened April, 1912. Capacity of the works at end of 1912 was sufficient to turn out from 25 to 35 machines a year.

F 4 1912.

2-seater

military

monoplane.

B 2 1912.

2-seater

biplane.

S 2 1913.

single-seat

monoplane.

F 5 1913.

2-seater

monoplane.

B 3 1913.

2-seater

monoplane.

Length

feet (m.)

31½ (9.50)

31½ (9.50)

28 (8.50)

31 (9.45)

31 (9.45)

Span

feet (m.)

40 (12)

40 (12)

35 (10.70)

39 (11.90)

40 (12)

Area

sq. feet (m²)

240 (22)

390 (36)

190 (17¾)

250 (23)

390 (36)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1850 (839)

1500 (680)

1180 (535)

1600 (726)

1650 (748)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

500 (227)

450 (204)

350 (159)

600 (272)

600 (272)

Motor

h.p.

70 Renault

40 A.B.C.

80 Gnome

80 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

max m.p.h. (km.)

67 (108)

56 (90)

82 (132)

70 (115)

68 (110)

min m.p.h. (km.)

41 (66)

38 (61)

45 (73)

42 (68)

40 (65)

Number built during 1912

4

1

Remarks.—F 4 climbing speed 1000 feet (305 m.) in 3½ minutes, 1500 in 5½ mins., 2000 in 8 mins. B 2 climbing speed 200 feet (61 m.) per minute. The four F 4 type were bought by the British Army during 1912.

Monoplane.

Biplane.

HANDLEY-PAGE Monoplanes.

Handley Page, 72, Victoria Street, S.W. Works: 110, Cricklewood Lane, N.W. Flying ground: Hendon. Established at the end of 1908. In June, 1909, it was turned into a Limited Liability Co. Since then it has been busily employed in producing its own machines, also others to inventor's specifications. About the end of 1911 the firm bought up and sold all the machines of the Aeronautical Syndicate—Valkyrie and Viking types. It is doubtful whether any of these V type still exist—in any case it does not matter. Four were presented to the R. Flying Corps. Of these one was smashed up, the others, one army and two navy, were used to teach mechanics to take down and re-assemble engines, etc. Handley-Page also bought up the Radley-Moorhouse machines (Bleriot copies), and disposed of them.

The 1912-13 Handley-Page type is as follows—a development along regular lines of the original H.P. machine:—

Handley-Page V.

Length, 27½ feet (8.40 m.) span, 42½ feet (12.95 m.) area, 240 sq. feet. (22¼ m².)

Weight.—Total, 1300 lbs. (590 kgs.) Empty, 800 lbs. (363 kgs.)

Motor.—50 h.p. Gnome. Speed. 55 m.p.h. (90 km.)

Remarks.—The fixed tail area is 32 sq. feet. Body is entirely enclosed, stream line form. The passenger sits behind the pilot. Mounted on wheels and one long skid forward. Full description and details, Flight, 26th October, 1912.

Principal pilots have been the late E. Petre (who made in it the only flight through London), the late Lieut. Parke, R.N., S. Pickles, and L. R. Whitehouse. The machine has been flown with two passengers, in addition to the pilot.

Military work.—During 1912 five biplanes of the B.E. type were ordered by the British War Office. Several monoplanes were ordered by foreign governments.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

L

LAKE FLYING Co.

Windermere. Established 1911, by E. W. Wakefield, with a view to hydro-aeroplane experiments. The first machine was a Curtiss type built by A. V. Roe, which flew in November, 1911. In 1912, a special biplane generally of Farman type but with more camber to the planes, was built.

Length.—36½ feet (11 m.) Span.—42 feet (12.80 m.) Area.—270 sq. feet (25 m.²) Motor.—Gnome.

Speed.—45.33 m.p.h. (72.54 k.p.h.)

The single float is 6 feet wide, flexibly connected. Balancers mounted on a spring board. Water rudders for steering at slow speed. Fuller details see Flight, December 7th, 1912. Early in 1913, an Avro was purchased for further experiments.

M

MARTINSYDE.

Messrs. Martin & Handasyde, Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey. Output capacity: about 20 per annum.

Model and date.

1912.

Mono. 2-seater.

1913.

Mono. 2-seater.

Length

feet. (m.)

35½ (10.75)

35 (10.65)

Span

feet. (m.)

42½ (12.95)

42¾ (13)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

290 (27)

285 (26½)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

...

1212 (550)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

551 (250)

Motor

h.p.

65 Antoinette

80 Laviator

Speed

max m.p.h. (km.)

63 (102)

78 (125)

min m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

Notes.—Wood construction. Landing: wheels and one skid. Controls: warping wings and rear elevator. Triangular body. The two models are very nearly identical.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

P

PIGGOTT.

Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd., 220, 222 & 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C. This well-known firm of shed makers built a novel biplane in May, 1910 (details Flight, May 21st, 1910), and in 1911 a monoplane with enclosed body (Flight, April 1st, 1911). In 1912, both were disposed of, and the firm is not proceeding with its experiments. It has, however, a staff of skilled mechanics and a great deal of floor space for the construction of aeroplanes to specifications.

PLANES.

Planes, Ltd., 6, Lord Street, Liverpool. Works: Duke Street & Cleveland Street, Birkenhead. Not building at present. In October, 1910, the firm produced a biplane, designed by W. P. Thompson, fitted with a special pendulum stabilising device. This was followed a year or so later by a monoplane.

R

RADLEY-ENGLAND.

This is not an aeroplane firm, but a special hydro built by two well-known aviators for the Daily Mail competition. Length, 22 feet. Span, 50 feet. 2 floats, 15 feet long by 1 foot 5 inches wide. Pilot in starboard float. Weight, with petrol for 12 hours, 1,380 lbs. Motor, 150 h.p., made up of 3—50 h.p. Gnomes, but two Greens to be fitted for competition. One 4-bladed propeller in rear. Speed, 60 m.p.h., with 100 h.p.

S

SANDERS.

This firm appears to have ceased to exist.

SHORT BROS.

Works and flying grounds: Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent. London office: Queen's Circus, Battersea Park. Took up construction at a very early date. Wright agents in 1909. Have built numerous biplanes and monoplanes to specifications. Produced their own first machine (see 1911 edition) in 1910.

S 41. 1913. Hydro Biplane.

S 45. 1913. Military Tractor Biplane.

S 38. 1913. Military Nacelle Biplane.

S 34. Standard School.

1911-12.

1-seater, mono.

1911-12.

Tandem tractor biplane.

80 h.p. 2-seater.

100 h.p. 2-seater.

160 h.p. 4-seater.

70 h.p. 2-seater.

80 h.p. 2-seater.

160 h.p. 4-seater.

50 h.p. 2-seater.

80 h.p. 3-seater.

50 h.p. 2-seater.

70 h.p. 2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

35 (10.67)

39 (11.90)

45 (13.70)

35-1/2 (10.80)

35-1/2 (10.80)

40 (13.70)

35-1/2 (10.80)

35-1/2 (10.80)

42 (12.85)

42 (12.85)

25 (7.60)

35-1/2 (10.80)

Span

feet (m.)

40 (13.70)

50 (15.25)

50 (15.25)

42 (12.90)

45 (13.70)

50 (15.25)

52 (15.85)

52 (15.85)

46-1/2 (14.20)

46-1/2 (14.20)

29-1/2 (9)

42 (12.90)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

390 (36)

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

186 (17)

...

Weight

Machine lbs. (kg.)

1200 (545)

1700 (764)

2000 (909)

1080 (490)

1100 (500)

1890 (860)

950 (432)

1050 (480)

1100 (500)

1150 (523)

...

850 (385)

Useful lbs. (kg.)

771 (350)

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

80 Gnome

100 Gnome

160 Gnome

70 Gnome

80 Gnome

160 Gnome

50 Gnome

80 Gnome

50 Gnome

70 Gnome

50 Gnome.

70 Gnome.

Speed

max (m.p.h.)

65 (105)

60 (97)

74 (120)

60 (97)

70 (113)

74 (120)

42 (68)

58 (94)

39 (63)

48 (78)

...

58 (94)

min (m.p.h.)

50 (80)

50 (80)

56 (90)

50 (80)

50 (80)

56 (90)

35 (57)

39 (63)

34 (55)

38 (61)

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

4

5

6

5

5

6

4

5

4

5

5

5

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Remarks.

--Floats are two long pontoons. Subsidiary floats at tips of lower plane. Small tail float with water rudder. W.-t. compartments to floats. Tandem seated, pilot in front. The observer's seat can accommodate two if necessary.

Tandem seats, pilot in front. Fittings for maps, etc.

Specially designed for reconnaissance. Tandem seats, pilot in front. An extra passenger can be accommodated.

Solely designed for school work. Seats side by side.

No longer built, but still in existence.

Old 1911-12 Tractor biplane.

Old 1911-12 mono.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Short. Hydro.

Short. S. 45 type.

Short. S. 38 military.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

SOPWITH.

Sopwith Aviation Co. Works: Canbury Park Road, Kingston-on-Thames. School: at Brooklands. Established by T. O. M. Sopwith, the well known aviator at Brooklands, Autumn of 1911, where during 1912, a 70 h.p. tractor biplane and a 40 h.p. biplane was turned out.

Floor area of the Kingston works in March, 1913, was 30,000 sq. feet with electric power plant. Works manager: F. Sigrist. General manager: R. O. Cary. Output capacity: at full pressure about 50 machines a year.

Model and Date.

1913.

Bat boat hydro biplane.

1913.

Tractor biplane 3-seater.

1913.

School biplane.

1913.

Armoured warplane.

Length

feet (m.)

30-1/3 (9.20)

29 (8.85)

29 (8.85)

29' 7-1/2" (9)

Span

feet (m.)

41 (12.50)

40 (12.20)

40 (12.20)

50 (15.25)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

422 (39)

365 (34)

400 (37)

552 (51)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1700 (771)

1750 (794)

1200 (544)

2000 (907)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

500 (227)

750 (340)

400 (181)

800 (362)

Motor

h.p.

90 Austro-Daimler

80 Gnome

50 Gnome

90 Austro-Daimler

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

65 (105)

74 (125)

48 (78)

65 (105)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

42 (68)

40 (65)

35 (60)

38 (61)

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

...

Notes.—Wood construction. Carriage wheels and skids. Control: balanced ailerons.

Sopwith. Flying boat.

1913. Tractor biplane.

V

VICKERS.

Vickers, Ltd., Vickers House, Broadway, Westminster. School: Brooklands. Seven pupils qualified during 1912.

Model and date.

Monoplane.

1912-13.

2-seater.

Military biplane.

1913.

Length

feet (m.)

25 (7.60)

...

Span

feet (m.)

34-1/2 (10.50)

40 (12.20)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

220 (20)

385 (35)

Weight

{total, lbs. (kgs.)

730 (331)

...

{useful, lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

Motor

h.p.

80 Gnome

80 Wolseley

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

70 (115)

...

Endurance

hrs.

3

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

Notes.—Steel construction. Landing shock absorbing: 2 wheels and 1 skid. Rectangular enclosed body. Controls: warping and rear elevator.

Monoplane climbs 300 feet a minute fully loaded.

Biplane is armed with a Vickers R.C. automatic gun in the bow.

VICKERS. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Vickers. Monoplane.

Vickers. Armed biplane.

W

WHITE.

J. Samuel White & Co., Ltd., shipbuilders and engineers, East Cowes, Isle of Wight. London office: 28, Victoria Street, S.W. This well-known firm of torpedo craft builders, etc., formally opened an aviation department on 1st January, 1913, with Howard T. Wright as general manager and designer.

1913.

Navy 'plane.

Length

feet (m.)

30 (9.15)

Span

feet (m.)

44 (13.40)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

500 (46-1/2)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

2000 (907)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

650 (295)

Motor

h.p.

160 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

70 (115)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

35 (57)

Number built

...

Remarks.—Hydro-biplane, with Howard T. Wright patent aeroplanes to give wide range of speed. Two patent hydro floats, 21 feet (m.) long, three steps on each.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BRITISH DIRIGIBLES.

Navy.

Army.

Name and date.

II Willows 3. 1911.

III Astra Torres 2. 1913.

IV Parseval 18. 1913.

II BETA. 1909 (1910.)

III, & IV &

V GAMMA, DELTA, EPSILON.

1910, 1912, 1913.

Volume

c. feet (m³.)

31,800 (900)

222,500 (6,500)

311,000 (8,800)

21,000 (594)

70,600 (2,000)

Length

feet (m.)

120 (36.50)

...

276 (84)

104 (31.70)

152 (46)

Diameter

feet (m.)

40 (12.20)

...

49¼ (15)

25 (7.60)

30 (9.10)

Gasbags

fabric

Spencer

Continental

Metzler

Gold beater skin

Continental

compartments

nil

3

nil

nil

nil

ballonets

1

1

2

1

2

Lift

total tons

about ½

about 7

about 10

about

¾

2 ⅕

useful, tons

...

...

...

...

...

Motors

h.p.

30 (=30)

2—120 Chenu (=240)

2—180 Maybach (=360)

1—30 Green (=30)

2—50 Green (=100)

Propellers

number

2 (swivel)

2

2 (s.r.) steel

1

2 (swivel)

blades

2

2

4

2

2

diameter feet (m.)

...

...

...

...

...

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

...

38 (63)

42 (68)

18 (29)

28 (45)

Endurance

full speed

...

...

...

...

4 hours

Max. complement

2

15-18

10-12

3

5

Station

Farnborough

...

...

Farnborough

Farnborough

Notes.—All the above are non-rigid. The military ones were all built at the Royal Aircraft Factory.

Navy Dirigible Pilots.

Boothby, Lieut. F. L. M. (F.C.)

Everett, Gunner F.

Masterman, Comdr. E. A. D. (in command)

Usborne, Lieut. N. F. (squad comdr.)

Woodcock, Lieut. H. (F.C.)

Undergoing Naval Aircraft Course:

Crocker, Lieut. W. R.

Hicks, Lieut. W. C.

Wilson, Lieut. R. A.

Military Dirigible Pilots.

Squadron Commanders.

Maitland, Capt. E. M.

Flight Commanders.

Waterlow, Lieut. C. M.

Flying Officers.

Brabazon, Capt. Honble. C. M. P.

Fletcher, Lieut. J. N. (R.E.)

Hetherington, Lieut. T. G.

Mackworth, Lieut. J. D.

Pigot, Capt. R.

The following hold dirigible pilot certificates, but are not at present employed:—

Broke Smith, Capt. P.

Capper, Col. J. E.

Fox, Lieut. A. G.

Private Dirigibles.

There are one Willows (1912) (sister to the naval one) and a couple of Spencers about the size of Beta.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Willows, E. T. (24-32, Villa Rd. Handsworth, Birmingham).

BRITISH NAVAL DIRIGIBLES.

Willows. The naval one is fitted with a boat-shaped car.

Parseval. (photo of a sister ship.)

New Construction.

Messrs. Vickers have acquired the Parseval rights for the British Empire, and several airships of this type are likely to be put in hand by them shortly.

Also reported that a big rigid is projected.

BRITISH MILITARY DIRIGIBLES.

Beta.

BETA.

Gamma (Delta the same, but a smaller and enclosed car).

GAMMA.

BRITISH COLONIAL AIRCRAFT.

AUSTRALIAN.

Military Aviation.

In January, 1913, the Australian Flying Corps was instituted, as a part of the citizen forces. During 1913, about £5,600 is to be spent.

The force is to consist ultimately of 4 officers, 7 warrant officers and sergeants, 32 mechanics.

The school is at Duntroon. Course includes—mechanics of the aeroplane, aerial motors, meteorology, aerial navigation by compass, aerial photography, signalling, etc. Mr. Harrison is in command with Lieut. H. Petre as assistant.

Australian Aviators.

Banks, R. C.

Busteed, H.

Duigan, J. R.

Hammond, J. J.

Harrison

+Hart

+Lindsay, C.

Petre, H.

Pickles

Watts

+=killed.

Private Aeroplanes.

J. R. Duigan has built an aeroplane of his own design.

NEW ZEALAND.

Nothing doing worth mention. One Bleriot, 80 h.p., presented 1913 by the Standard, London.

CANADIAN.

Aerial Societies.

Aeronautical Society of Canada, c/o. M. P. Logan, 99 Gloucester Street, Toronto

McGill Aviation Club, McGill University, Montreal

Oshawa, Ontario Ae. C.

Note.—Owing to the fact that the late Aerial Experiment Association was half Canadian and half U.S.A., it is difficult to draw a very clear dividing line between Canadian and U.S. aviators or machines. Thus, one given here is partly U.S.A., while at least one U.S. machine may be claimed as "partially Canadian."

AVIATORS.—Private.

Bell, Dr. Graham

McCurdy, J. A. D. (U.S.A. Ae. C. 18)

McHardy

Symonds, E. F.

St. Henry R.

Canadian Aeroplanes.

GRAHAM-BELL II.

Flights were made by Dr. Graham-Bell in a tetrahedal type, similar to one described in the 1911 edition.

McCURDY-WILLARD. Biplane.

Maximum length, 26¼ feet (8 m.) maximum breadth, 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) supporting surface, ? sq. feet (? m².)

Total weight.—

Body.—Central skid in combination with 4 wheels. Triangular body, base of triangle on top. Fuselage entirely enclosed.

Planes.—Maximum span, 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) Chord, 3½ feet (1 m.) Gap, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Ailerons at trailing edge of wing tips, 6 feet x 2 feet (1.80×0.60 m.)

Motor.—

Speed.—

Tractor.—Diameter, 7¾ feet (2.40 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.)

Steering.—Double elevator placed in rear of tail. Control, push and pull wheel.
Rudder in rear. Control, wheel.
Ailerons. Control, turning steering-wheel left or right.

Remarks.—See Aeronautics, U.S.A., August, 1911.

There has been also the Baddeck and other early machines (see 1911 edition), but none of them seem to be in existence at the present time.

BRITAIN OVERSEAS AEROPLANES.—INDIAN.

Military Aviation.

—A certain number of officers belonging to the Indian Army have qualified as pilots when home on leave, but there is no organised force. One is, however, proposed.

Private Aviation.

—In the past two or three home-made machines appeared, and one or two were imported, but most or all are now extinct.

SOUTH AFRICA.

Military Aviation.

—Non-existent.

Private Aviation.

—J. Weston is a qualified pilot, but at the outside there are not more than two effective machines in the country.

BULGARIAN.

In the Balkan War, 1912-13, Bulgaria hastily organised an aviation corps. This, though necessarily lacking in military organisation, proved very useful on several occasions.

At the end of March, 1913, the aeroplanes effective included 6 Bristol monos.; one 70 h.p. Bleriot XXI; 2 Bleriot XI bis (captured from the Turks); also some half-dozen or more miscellaneous machines temporarily hired.

Military Aviators.—The principal are Lieuts. Milkoff, Taraxchieff and Petroff.

A number of other officers in various stages of training.

CENTRAL AMERICAN.

General Note.—Nicaragua and S. Domingo have both purchased one or two aeroplanes for their military forces: but nothing appears to have been done with them.

CHILIAN.

Aviator.—Edwards, Emilio. Sanchez Besa is a Chilian, but resides in Paris (see France).

Military Aviation.—In 1912, a commencement was made and one 80 h.p. Deperdussin purchased. Other machines are now on order.

CHINESE.

AVIATORS.

Lee, Y. L. (British Ae.C. 148)
Tsai Tao Prince

Military Aviation.

In March, 1913, orders were placed for six 80 h.p. Caudrons, also for six 50 h.p., and a decision arrived at gradually to acquire a force of 700 aeroplanes, but very little has actually been done to date.

DANISH.

Aerial Societies:—

Danske Aeronautiske Selskab, 34 Amaliegade, Copenhagen.

Aerial Journals:—

None; but Motor (3 Bredgade, Mezz, Copenhagen) deals with aerial matters.

Flying Grounds:—

Klampenburg, Copenhagen.

Skandinarisk Aërodrom.

Army Aeroplanes.

In 1911 there was an Antoinette. Nothing done since.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Ullitkz, Kapt.

Private.

Arntzen, Dr.

Christiansen, S.

Ellerhammer

Folmes, Hansen

Maltke, Count

Nervoe, A.

Svendsen, R.

Thorup, K.

DUTCH.

(Revised by I. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian of the Dutch Ae. C.)

Aerial Societies:—

Haagsche Proefvliegtuig Club (3e V.d. Boschstreet 20, The Hague).

Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart (Nassau Zuilensteintraat, 10, The Hague). (Ae. C.)

Rotterdamsche Model Aero Club (Rochussenstreet 229b, Rotterdam).

Colonial:

Nederlandsche Indische Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart.

Aerial Journals:—

De Luchtvaart (Ged Onde-Gracht, 141, Haarlem). Fortnightly.

Avia, Wynbrugstraat 13, Rotterdam. Fortnightly.

Flying Grounds:—

Breda-Gilske-Rijen.—6 hangars.

Soesterberg.—20 hangars.

Army Aeroplanes.

Up to the end of 1911 there were none, though some officers had their own private ones (H. Farman's mostly).

At end of 1912.

2 monos. Deperdussin (for Java).
1 biplane. De Brouchére (for Java).

AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated the Ae. C. Nederlandsche pilot certificate number.)

To end of 1911.

Military.

Bakker, H. Yandrig

Labouchere, Lieut. J.

Meel, Lieut. Van

Poorton, Lieut. H. ter

Versreegh, Lt, W. C. J.

Private.

Bahle, F. K.

Boerlage, M.

Burgh, Van der

Fokker, A. H. G.

Hilgers, J. W. E. L.

Konings, L.

Koolhoven (1)

Küller, G. P. (2)

Lutge, F. (4) (323, F.)

Mulder, A.

Riemsdyk, Van F. (5)

Ryk, Madame Bde.

Wynmalen, H. (6) (208, F.)

The following Dutch aviator has been killed:

1911.

Van Maasdyck, C. (130, Ae. C. F.)

DUTCH AEROPLANES.

DE BROUCKERE. Biplane.

H. Farman type. Details, De Luchtvaart, No. 8, 1911.

FOKKER. Monoplane.

Anthony Fokker, of Haarlem. In early 1912 flew at Breda.

MONNIER-HARPER. Monoplane.

(O.P.I.I.) Generally Bleriot type. Built 1911.

VAN DEN BURG. Monoplane.

Early in 1912 was flying at Johannisthal, Germany.

VREEDENBURGH. Monoplane.

(O.P.I.I.) Blend of Bleriot and Antoinette. Motor, 75 h.p. Miesse. Completed December, 1909.

Fokker. Monoplane.

FOKKER. Monoplane.

(See Germany for details.) Firm now established in Germany.

DUTCH DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

DUINDIGT. Non-rigid.
(Zodiac make.)

Length, 111½ feet (34 m.) diameter, 22½ feet (60.80 m.) capacity, 31,785 c. feet (900 m³.)

Motor.—18 h.p.

Remarks.—Small edition of Zodiac III. (See France.)

FRENCH.

(Special French Editor.)

Aerial Societies:—

Aero Club de France.

Academie Aeronautique de France.

Aeronautique Club de France.

Société des Aëronautes du Siège.

Aero Club du Sud Ouest.

Aero Club du Rhone.

Aero Club du Nord.

La Ligue Aerienne du Sud.

Société Francaise de Navigation Aérienne.

Société d'encouragement à l'Aviation.

(Full list of clubs next page.)

Aerial Journals:—

L'Aerophile.

L'Aero.

L'Aeronaute.

Aerostat (Bulletin Aeronautique).

Aerostat (Academie d'Aerostation).

Revue de l'Aerostation.

Le Ballon.

L'Aerostation.

L'Aeronautique.

Bulletin Aeronautique.

Encyclopediede l'Aviation.

La Ligue Nationale Aerienne.

Revue de l'Aviation.

L'Aeromécanique.

Principal Flying Grounds:

Antibes.—Hanriot school.

Beauce.

Betheny.—Sommer school. Deperdussin School.

Buc.—M. Farman school.

Buoy.

Chalons.—Sommer school.

Chalais-Mendon. (Military)

Chatres.—Savary school.

Cran, Marseilles.

Crotoy.—Caudron school.

Croix d'Hins, Bordeaux (Aer. Lig. du Sud.) Area 6 km. Track. Free sheds.

Corbeaulieu pres. Compregne.—Doutre school.

Etampes.—Bleriot school. Farman school.

Grand Camp, Lyons.

Issy les Moulineaux.—Astra school

Juan-le-Pias.—Paulhan aquaplane school.

Juvissy, near Paris.—Aerodrome. Caudron school. Goupy school.

La Brayelle, Douai.—Breguet school.

Da motte Brueil dans L'Oise.

Le Bourget, Paris.—100 sheds.

Le Mans.

Moisson.

Mourmelon.—Voisin school.

Napante.

Nice.—Small and rough surface.

Pau.—Bleriot school.

Reims.—Aerodrome.

St. Cyr.

Villacoublay, Paris.—Breguet, Nieuport and Astra schools.

FRENCH AEROPLANES.

Military Aviation.

In February, 1912, the then total of 208 effective aeroplanes were divided into "squadrillas" consisting of eight aeroplanes; attached to these eleven or twelve motor cars, one traction car and one fast car, also a repairing car and repairing van.

It was then estimated that at the end of 1912, 344 aeroplanes would be available for service.

The estimated personnel was provisionally fixed at 234 officer pilots, 210 scouts, 42 mechanics, 110 officers, 1,600 corporals or sappers and 550 privates.

Approximately £880,000 was spent in aviation during 1912, and £1,000,000 was estimated for future years.

The French military aviation centres are all upon somewhat the same footing as fortresses, and the greater part of the work comes under the head of "confidential." The principal school is at St. Cyr, which was specially selected because the ground is rough and mostly covered with small shrubs: it being held important to train officers from the first to rise and land on ground similar to that most likely to be found in war time. Each station is supplied with large portable wooden-framed hangars covered with canvas. These can be rapidly taken to pieces and re-erected. Each station is supplied with its own special motor transport.

All military machines are provided with a compass and map case in front of the pilot and sketching apparatus in front of the observer.

Although a few non-commissioned officers have been taught flying, the organization only contemplates the employment of commissioned officers as pilots. The age limit is 38.

On April 16th, 1913, the flying corps was modified. The principal features of the corps as now existing are as follows:—

Establishments.

1. Schools.
2. Special establishments, dealing with purchase, construction, and big repairs.
3. Directions. Administration of material.
4. Depots. A species of dockyards dealing with minor repairs, etc.

Administration.

There are three main groups, each commanded by a colonel. Each group consists of dirigibles and aeroplane "escadrilles," and is fully equipped with establishments, etc. The three centres are:—

1. Versailles.
2. Reims.
3. Lyon.

General.

All squadron units are made up of machines of the same make and power. Pilots are detailed as required to any particular unit, and liable to transfer from one to another, though in practice such transfers are rare.

Army Aeroplanes.

During 1912 nearly 500 machines were delivered to the Army, but a great many old machines have been scrapped. At the end of March, 1913, the force stood at 421 effective for war machines, plus an uncertain number of school machines and obsoletes.

About one-third or more of the effective aeroplanes were Farmans. The rest consisted of all leading French types, proportionated more or less to the productive capacity of these firms. Also certain other makes experimental.

Navy Aviation.

The Navy section of French military aviation is still in the "being formed" process. No data are yet available as to the ultimate force to be provided. At present the number of effective war machines is small. It is made up of hydro-avions of the following types:—Astra, Borel, Breguet, Caudron, Deperdussin, Donnet-Leveque, Farman, Paulhan-Curtiss, Sanchez-Besa, the total at end of March, 1913, being well under 20. There are also two special Bleriot type fitted with floats, which carry 330 lbs of explosive, are fitted with wireless, have a speed of 140 km.p.h. (85 m.p.h.), and a radius of about 600 miles (1,000 km.)

PRINCIPAL FRENCH ARMY AND NAVY AVIATORS.

(In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.)

Army.

Abadie, Sous Officier

Acevedo, Lieut. (740)

Acquaviva, Lieut. Paul V. (68)

Aiguillon, Lt. R.d' (308)

Aubry, Lieut.

Balensi, Capt. Albert (173)

Bares, Capt. (543)

Basset, Lieut. Paul (145)

Battini, Lieut. G. (508)

Baugnies, Lt. J. B. E. (193)

Beatrix, Sous Officier

Bellemois, Lieut. G. (546)

Bellenger, Capt. M. (45)

Berni, Lieut. (760)

Biard, Capt. G. M. (261)

Bihan, Lieut.

Binda, Lieut. Louis (232)

Blard, Lieut. (460)

Bobillier, Lieut.

Boerner, Lieut.

Boissonas, Lieut. (443)

Bon, Lieut.

Boncour, Lieut. (478)

Bonnier, Lieut. (478)

Bonnier, General (137)

Boucher, Lieut.

Bousnuet, Lieut. P. (295)

Breley, Lieut.

Brenot, Capt.

Brouchard, Lieut.

Brugiere, Lt.

Brule, Lieut. (436)

Bruncher, Lieut.

Burgeat, Capt. M. (44)

Camerman, Lieut. F. (33)

Camine, Capt.

Campagne, Lieut. (782)

Casse, Capt. (415)

Chabert, Lieut.

Charoux, Sous Officier

Chavenac, Lieut. E. (551)

Cheutin, Lt. E. J. (233)

Chevreau, Lieut. R. (132)

Clavenad, Lieut. P. (294)

Clerc, Lieut. (465)

Clolus, Commdt. G. (97)

Couret, Lieut.

Coville, Capt.

D'Abrantes, Lieut.

D'Aquillon, Lieut.

De Beruis, Lieut.

De Caumont, Capt.

De Chanac Lanzac, Capt.

De Geyer, Lieut.

De Gorge, Lieut. (805)

De Goys, Capt.

De Lafargue (417)

De L'Estrade, Lieut.

De Rose, Lieut. P. (477)

Destace, Capt.

Destouches, Capt.

Devarenne, Lieut.

Devaulx, Lieut. R. (158)

De Ville d'Avray, Lieut.

Didier, Sous Officier (765)

Do-Ird, Lieut.

Drevet, Sous Officier (753)

Duparquet, Capt.

Duperron, Capt. (196)

Dupin, Lieut.

Eteve, Capt. A. (89)

Erstorac, Capt.

Felix, Capt. J. (270)

Fequant, Lieut. A. (63)

Fequant, Lieut. P. (340)

Fierstein, Sous Officier

Francezon, E. (410)

Foirelline, Lieut.

Garnier, Lieut. (305)

Garnier, Lt. (826)

Gastringer, Lieut.

Gaubert, Lieut. E. (313)

Germain, Lieut.

Girard, Lieut. J. (197)

Gironde, Lt. A. de

Godefroy, Sous Officier (583)

Gouin, Lt. M. E. R. (348)

Gourlez, Lieut. (521)

Grezaud, S.-Lt. P. (265)

Grailly, Lieut. (399)

Gronier, Lieut. J. (138)

Grandjean, Sapper

Guibart, Lieut.

Guiton, Sous Officier

Hable, Sous-Lt. A. L. (257)

Hugoni, Capt. E. (165)

Hanouille, Lieut.

Henequin, Lieut.

Henri, Lieut. (497)

Herli, S.-Lt. (257)

Hurard, Sous Officier

Issartier (531)

Jacquet, Lieut.

Joly, Lieut. F. (341)

Jost, Lieut. R. G. (264)

Kass, Capt.

Langardt, Lieut.

Laurent, Sous Officier (246)

Le Beau, Capt.

Le Bleu, Lieut.

Lelievre, Lieut. E. (522)

Lemasson, Lieut. (506)

Le Mauget, Capt.

Letheux, Lieut. G. (142)

Letort, Sapper (170)

Letourneur, Lieut.

Lucca, Lieut. D. (154)

Ludmann, Lieut. G. (255)

Lussigny, Lieut.

Machin, Lieut.

Mailfert, Lieut. F. (146)

Maillois, Lieut. J. (131)

Malherbe, Lt. de (334)

Maneyrol, Lieut.

Manoha, Lt.

Marc, Lt.

Marconnet, Capt. (90)

Marie, Capt. Felix (80)

Marlin, Lieut.

Marmies, Lieut.

Marty, Sous Officier (816)

Massol, Lieut.

Mauger, Lieut.

Maurice, Lieut.

Mazac, Lieut. (592)

Migaud, Lieut. G. (501)

Morel, Sous-Lt. P. (262)

Morlaye, Lieut. la

Mouchard, Lieut.

Negre, Capt.

Nicaud, Lieut.

Nogues, Capt. (114)

Normand, Lieut. F. (314)

Pelloux, Sous-Lt. M. (346)

Peraldi, Lieut.

Peretti, Sous Officier

Pierre, Lieut.

Ponchet, Lieut.

Prat, Lieut.

Precardin, Lieut.

Princetau, Lieut.

Postulat, Sergt.

Quennehen, Sous Officier

Ragot, Lieut.

Remy, Lieut. H. C. (143)

Reynard, Lieut. (668)

Rimbert, Lieut.

Rocca-Serra, Lieut.

Rochette, Lieut. J. (564)

Rolland, Lieut. M. E. (545)

Ronin, Lieut.

Rougerie, Lieut.

Sauleillon, Lt. A. (674)

Saunier, Lieut. G. (153)

Seguin, Sapper (528)

Sevelle, Lieut. (747)

Silvestre, Lieut. (599)

Sido, Capt. Marie (65)

Sourdeau, Lieut. A. (474)

Soulielani, Lieut.

Thomas, Lieut. (846)

Thomas, R. (116)

Touzet, E. (485)

Tretane, Lieut.

Tricornot de Rose, Lt. de (330)

Vandamone, Lieut. (535)

Van de Vaero, Lt. (491)

Vandine, Lieut.

Varcin, Lieut.

Vaudein, Lieut.

Verdier, Sous Officier (538)

Vibra, Lieut.

Vigne, Lt. Henri (315)

Vinda, Lieut.

Vitra-Rougerie, Lieut.

Vocayeau, Lieut.

Vogoya, Capt.

Vuilliereme, Lt. L. (174)

Watteau, Lieut.

Willemenz, Lieut. (759)

Yence, Lieut. R, (220)

Naval.

Byasson, Lt. de V. (175)

Cayla, Lieut. (458)

Conneau, Lieut. (322) "Beaumont"

Davelny, Comdt.

Delage, Lieut. G. (219)

Fournier, Lieut.

Hautefille, Lieut. (247)

Lafon, Lt. (194)

Leve, Lieut. (243)

Parasa, Lieut. (179)

Reymond, Lieut. (206)

FRENCH AEROPLANES—PRIVATE.

Private Aeroplanes.

The total number of machines built in France during 1912 has been estimated at about 1,500. This includes military as well as private machines, also machines exported, and appears to be unduly generous even so. The actual total of machines commenced and completed in 1912 is nearer 1,000.

The number of private aeroplanes—excluding demonstration and school machines is small.

PRIVATE AVIATORS

(brevets to end of 1911).

(In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.)

Algrin, Rene (252)

Allard, M. (480)

Alincourt (488)

Andre, C. (192)

Aubrun (21)

Bachot, A. (271)

Baeder, F. de (107)

Bague, E. (337)

Balliod, Louis (236)

Balaye, A. (275)

Balsan, Jacques (22)

Baratoux, Marcel (49)

Barbotte, Ernest (268)

Barra, Franck (171)

Barrier, A. (64)

Banier, Rene (64)

Bathiat, Georges (237)

Bathiat, Leon (110)

Beard, Pierre (276)

Beaud, Edouard (150)

Becue, Jean F. (263)

Bellier, Albert (297)

Bellot, Andre (317)

Benoist, Jean (369)

Bergognie, Charles (373)

Bernard, A. (505)

Berlot, Henri J. (450)

Biard, Desire J. (460)

Bielovucic, Jean (87)

Bill, Henri (205)

Blanchet, Georges (244)

Bleriot, Louis (1)

Blondeau, Gustave (101)

Bobba, Andre (309)

Boillot, Geo. (395)

Boissounas, L. (443)

Boise de Courcenay, Comte (283)

Boivin, Albert (248)

Bonzon, Maurice (355)

Bouvier, Andre (120)

Boyer, Louis (303)

Bregi, Henry (26)

Breguet, Louis (52)

Bresson, Georges (280)

Briancon, Lucien (277)

Briey, F. de (492)

Brindejonc des Moulinais (449)

Bruneau de Laborie, E. (67)

Bunau-Varilla, E. (16)

Busson, Guillaume (121)

Caille, Albert (200)

Caramanlaki, A. (761)

Carles, Fernand (362)

Carlin, L. V. (554)

Caudron, Rene (180)

Cayla, P. (458)

Chailliey, Henri (63)

Challe, M. J. (523)

Champel, Florentin (94)

Chanteloup, P. (549)

Chapelle, J. (547)

Charpentier, Louis (286)

Chassagne, Jean (160)

Chausse, P. (519)

Chaussier, Piere (384)

Chatain, Marius L. (267)

Chatain, L. M. L. (296)

Chateau, Edouard (135)

Chaunac-Lenzac de (394)

Chemet, Geo. (159)

Cheuret, Leon (62)

Cherent, L. (62)

Chevalier, J. (515)

Chevalier, Louis (333)

Chevillard, Maurice (385)

Chioni, Basile (250)

Clerc, Paul A. L. (465)

Clement, M. (108)

Collardeau, Geo. (393)

Collieux, M. (85)

Collin, Georges (279)

Conard (647)

Contard, Paul (351)

Contenet, Henri (447)

Contour, Ernest (371)

Contre (657)

Cordonnier, Robert (221)

Corso, E. (529)

Crochon, Andre (43)

Cronier, Andre M. H. (352)

Cugnet, Gaston (140)

Cure, Gaston M. (242)

Daillens, Jean (119)

Dancourt, P. H. (520)

Debener, M. (562)

Deletang, Fernand (42)

Delacroix, Maurice (452)

Delagrange, Robert (366)

De La Roche, Mde. (36)

Deloche, R. D. (526)

Denis, Auguste (380)

Deroy, Francis (374)

Derry, Leon (254)

Deruissy, Andre (376)

Despres, E. M. L. (527)

Deschamps de Bois, Hébert (461)

Didier, A. (77)

Divetain, Pierre (466)

Driancourt, M. L. (525)

Dubonnet, Emile (47)

Ducoweneau (456)

Dufour, Jean M. R. (457)

Dufour, Jean (96)

Dufour, Louis (185)

Duval, E. (118)

Duval, Emile (118)

Echeman, P. M. (466)

Esnault-Pelterie, R. (4)

Espanet, Dr. G. (532)

Farman, Henry (5)

Farman, Maurice (6)

Fiorellimo, Louis (369)

Florencie, Jean (201)

Fournie, J. P. S. (502)

Frantz, Joseph (363)

Francq, Baron de (481)

Frey, Alfred (48)

Frey, Andre (93)

Froussart, Ernest (350)

Frugier, Leon (378)

Gaget, Joseph (335)

Gaillard, J. O. C. (504)

Gallie, Fernand (343)

Gardey, M. (482)

Garros, Roland (147)

Garsonnin, L. (555)

Gastinger, Edouard M. (455)

Gassnier, René (39)

Gassier, Marcel (392)

Gasnier, Pierre (391)

Gaudart, Louis (228)

Gaulard, Charles (302)

Gautheron, Louis (449)

Gaye, Georges (251)

Gibert, Louis (92)

Gilbert, Eugene (240)

Giraud, Etienne (493)

Glorieux, Leon (188)

Gobe, Armand (102)

Gobron, Jean (7)

Goffin, Marcel (284)

Gouguenheim, P. (388)

Goux, Jules (398)

Gournay, Henri (186)

Goys de Mereyrac, Louis (354)

Grandjean, E. C. H. (469)

Grandseigne, R. (360)

Granel, Marcel (117)

Grellet, Alexis (370)

Gressard, M. (725)

Gue, Albert (216)

Guerre, Henri (444)

Guidard, V. P. (487)

Guilband, C. J. (518)

Guillemard, T. (445)

Guillaume, C. (651)

Hainaux, Marcel R. (239)

Hanriot, Marcel R. (239)

Hanriot, Rene (368)

Herbster, Maurice (41)

Herveu, Mlle. Jane (318)

Hesne, Paul (113)

Houlette, Andre (367)

Jacquemart, G. C. (464)

Jamblez, Paul A. (266)

Janoir, L. (553)

Joliot, André (202)

Joly, C. E. M. (530)

Julleriot, Henry (61)

Junod, Auguste (253)

Kauffman, Paul (198)

Kergariou, Engard de (503)

Kieffer, C. E. (372)

Kummerling, A. (291)

Koechlin, Jean P. (203)

Kuhling, Paul L. (136)

Labouchere, Rene (86)

Labouret, Rene (222)

Lacombe, P. (534)

Ladougne, Emile (81)

Lafarge, Henri (278)

Lajous, Francois, A. (463)

Lambert, Comte de (8)

Langhe, Armand de (204)

Lastours, H. R. de (552)

Larfinty-Tholosan, Marquis Jules (468)

Laroche, Mme. Raymonde (36)

Latzel, J. (700)

Leblanc, Alfred (17)

Lecomte, Henri (320)

Legagneux, Georges (55)

Le Lasseur de Ranzay, G. (479)

Lemartin, Theodore (249)

Lenfant, Louis (386)

Leouet, B. L. (485)

Leprince, P. (494)

Lesire, Eugene (176)

Lesseps, Jacques de (27)

Leyat, Marcel (364)

Lieutard, H. (497)

Liger, A. (573)

Lombardi, Henri (241)

Loridan, Marcel (224)

Magnan, Leon (379)

Magneval, Gabriel (359)

Mahieu, Georges E. (123)

Mallet, J. A. P. (490)

Mamet, Julien (18)

Marchal, Anselem (328)

Maron, P. H. (495)

Marquezy, Rene (238)

Martin, Edouard (365)

Martin, Xavier (162)

Martinet, Robert (78)

Marvingt, Marie (281)

Mauvais, Jean (144)

Metrot, Rene (19)

Meyer, Jules M. (229)

Mignot, Robert (76)

Miltgen, Paul (339)

Moineau, R. L. (554)

Molla, Henri (172)

Montalent, O. de (509)

Montjou, Guy de (446)

Mollien, Elie A. (57)

Molon, Leon (25)

Molon, Louis (234)

Molon, Lucien (235)

Montigny, Alfred de (69)

Morane, Leon F. (54)

Morelle, Edmond (35)

Morel, P. F. (524)

Morin, Roger (306)

Mouthier, Louis (157)

Mousnier, Yvon (454)

Niel, Albert (104)

Niel, Mme. Marthe (226)

Nissole, Edouard (383)

Noe, A. G. M. (498)

Noel, Andre (122)

Obre, Emile (148)

Ors, Jean (382)

Orus, Maurice (256)

Osmon, Geo. (361)

Paillette, Marcel (99)

Paillole, E. C. L. (556)

Palade, Antoine (387)

Pallier, Mdlle.

Parent, Francois (189)

Paris-Leclerc, Max (190)

Partiot, G. (516)

Pascal, Ferdinand (301)

Paul, Ernest (91)

Paulhan, Louis (10)

Pequet, Henri (88)

Perin, Albert (161)

Perreyon, Edmond (311)

Perrigot, J. (499)

Picard, Pierre (174)

Planchet, Edmond (319)

Poillot (182)

Pommier, Martin (400)

Porcheron, L. A. (471)

Pouleriguen, F. (349)

Poumet (576)

Pourpe, Marc

Pourpe, M. M. E. A. (560)

Prevost, M. (475)

Prevoteau, G. (507)

Prier, Pierre (169)

Raoblt, Jean (386)

Reimbert, Ernest (375)

Reichert, Henri (377)

Renaux, Eugene (139)

Renaud de la Fregeoliere (396)

Rey, P. A. P. (517)

Reymond, Senator

Richet, A. (537)

Rigal, Victor (60)

Rivolier, Jean (381)

Robillard, G. de (184)

Robinet, J. (476)

Romance, F. de (288)

Rougier, Henry (11)

Ruby, F. L. (514)

Ruchonnet (127)

Sallard, H. (794)

Sallenave, Henru (66)

Savary, Robert (112)

Schlumberger, M. (316)

Sée, Raymond (187)

Servies, Jules (218)

Simon, Rene (177)

Sommer, Roger (29)

Tabateau, Maurice (128)

Taurin, Andre (84)

Tetard, Maurice (79)

Thieulin, Joseph (459)

Tissandier, Paul (13)

Tixier, Henri (397)

Toussin, Rene (56)

Train, Emile Louis (167)

Vallier, Edmond P. (269)

Vallon, Rene (109)

Van Gaver, Paul (338)

Vasseur, Narcisse (282)

Vedrines, Jules (312)

Vendrines, E. (536)

Verliac, Adrien (129)

Vergmault, O. (561)

Verrier, Pierre (390)

Versepuy, Leon (149)

Vialard, Charles (342)

Vidart, Rene (133)

Villeneuve Trans, Louis de (285)

Vimard, E. (484)

Visseaux, Henri (217)

Vittoz-Gallet, G. (500)

Wagner, Louis (83)

Walleton, Louis (304)

Weiss, H. (73)

Wintrebert, Henri (300)

Zens, Ernest (28)

The following French aviators have been killed:—

1909.

Ferber, Capt.
Lefebvre, E.

1910.

Blanchard (215)
Delagrange, Leon (3)
Le Blon (38)
Poillot (182)

1911.

Byasson, Lt.
Camine, Capt.
Caumont, Lieut. (156)
Carron, Capt.
Chotard, Lieut.
De Grailly, Lieut.
Desparmet, J. (451)
Dupuis, Lieut.
Gaubert (59)
Laffont, A. (111)
Lautheaume, Lt.
Level
Liere, Louis
Loder, Lt.
Madiot, Capt. (106)
Mommlin
Nieuport, E. (105)
Noel
Princeteau, Lt. (331)
Ruchonnet
Tarron, Capt.
Vallon, Rene
Wachter, C. L. (53)

FRENCH PRIVATE AVIATORS, 1912.

Adam-Gironne (818)

Arondel, P. (827)

Andenis, C. (788)

Badet (622)

Balighant, G. (588)

Barbarou, M. (702)

Basano, F. (828)

Baudrin, E. (609)

Bedel, R. (668)

Beatrix, C. (781)

Benoit, O. (771)

Benoist, G. (667)

Bertin, L. (801)

Blaignan (633)

Bleu, Le (643)

Boiteau, G. (833)

Boerlage (666)

Bordage, A. (650)

Boncour (678)

Boucher, F. (600)

Borie, A. (803)

Brocard, A. (770)

Brodin, E. (838)

Brouard, E. (807)

Bruginere, A. (813)

Cailleaux, A. (617)

Carreard, G. (779)

Castellan, E. (639)

Cavalier, M. (764)

Caye, M. (672)

Cerantes, F. (611)

Chabert, V. (631)

Chandenier, L. (804)

Coblyn, L. (735)

Contre (657)

Corsini, A. (654)

Cornier, R. (605)

Coville, F. (594)

Couffin, L. (619)

Dambricourt, J. (773)

De Beausire de Seyssel (756)

Debroutelle, P. (806)

De Chabot, P. (783)

De Gensac, A. (836)

De Lareinty Tholozan, H. (822)

Delacour, J. (602)

Delaunay, P. M. (635)

Deleraye, M. (790)

De l'Escaille (791)

Delmas, M. (837)

De Marmies, R. (663)

De Mazurkiewicz, W. C. (707)

Denhaut, F. (690)

Des Pres de la Morlais (636)

De Pontac (596)

De Reals, R. (686)

De Ryk (Mme. B.) (652)

De Segonac, R. (669)

Desille, L. (581)

De Vergnette, C. (792)

De Villepin, O. (832)

Do Huu, T. (649)

Drouhet, F. (727)

Dussot, A. (733)

Dutertre, C. (748)

Ecomand, G. (714)

Ehrmann, L. (646)

Escot, P. (624)

Eymien, S. (726)

Fassin, F. (844)

Faucompre, L. (814)

Fleiche, L. (729)

Foudre, R. (808)

Foulquier, M. (772)

Francois, A. (665)

Galon, S. (613)

Garros, R. (811)

Glaize, F. (845)

Godot, J. (815)

Grazzioli, A. (687)

Grasset, A. (800)

Greppo, J. (676)

Guerre, P. (730)

Guillaux, E. (749)

Hanne, A. (681)

Helen, E. (586)

Hembert (662)

Hurard, J. (757)

Hustinx, C. (716)

Irate, G. (655)

Jacquin, A. (582)

Jailler, L. (682)

Jeannerod, H. (696)

Jeansoulin, L. (703)

Joachim, H. (610)

Jourjon, R. (841)

Junquet, P. (621)

Kormann (789)

Lambert, A. (618)

Lanier, P. (684)

Lantheaume, C. (616)

Latzel, J. (700)

Le Bleu, P. (643)

Leclerc, P. (593)

Lefebvre, L. (691)

Lecontellec, H. (810)

Lenfant, P. (731)

Lemoine, A. (632)

Leroy, J. (638)

Lesne, M. (796)

Levasseur, J. (743)

Le Vassor, J. (704)

Lewis, J. (642)

Loubignac, L. (793)

Lumiere, G. (840)

Madon, G. (595)

Magnin, L. (648)

Maicon, A. (695)

Mandelli, P. (762)

Mauger, D. (750)

Malecaze, J. (776)

Mancarot (710)

Mazier, L. (634)

Melin, E. (699)

Metairie, A. (689)

Mouroux, J. (724)

Navarre, A. (584)

Noel, L. (656)

Nove-Josseraud (825)

Olivier, L. (556)

Pasquier, Baron R. (728)

Penet, H. (809)

Pia, G. (829)

Picard, F. (601)

Poulet, E. (709)

Radisson, V. (834)

Raulet, F. (658)

Richer, H. (607)

Ridont, R. (817)

Roussel, L. (659)

Roux, H. (715)

Saint-Michel Rivet (604)

Sallard, H. (794)

Sauson de Sausal (812)

Schneegaus, C. (712)

Senart, J. (661)

Sensever, H. (580)

Senougue, A. (823)

Serant, L. (679)

Seyrat, J. (830)

Shigeno, K. (744)

Soularis, M. (698)

Soyer, H. (671)

Testulat, P. (821)

Thierry de Ville d'Avray (579)

Thoret, J. (708)

Tierch, M. (645)

Tournier, A. (677)

Trescartes, L. (842)

Vallet, C. (734)

Vaudelle, R. (785)

Vandinck, A. (787)

Vandal, P. (598)

Ventre, L. (585)

Vidal Soler, E. (686)

Vogoyeau, A. (755)

Whitehouse, W. (589)

Zens, P. (675)

Zorra, L. (653)

Killed.

1912.

Barillon (307)
Bedell, R.
Bernard, Suzanne
Boerner, Lieut.
Boncour, Lieut.
Bressand, Lieut.
Chanteriers, Lieut.
Dubois, Capt.
Ducourneau, Lieut.
Etienne, Lieut.

Faure, Capt.
Lacour
Madiot, Capt. (106)
Maguet, Capt. le
Nieuport, C.
Olivers, G.
Peignan, Lieut. A.
Poutrin, Lieut.
Sevelle, Lieut. H. P.
Thiery de Ville d'Avray, Lieut.
Thomas, Lieut.
Wagner, A.

1913.

Bresson, Lieut.

FRENCH AEROPLANES.

A

AERIENNE.

L'Aerienne, 25 Quai des Grands Agustins, Paris. Builds to specifications and supplies all parts.

ANTOINETTE.

Company has ceased to exist.

ASTRA.

"Astra" Soc. de Constructions Aéronautiques, (Anciens Etabs. Surcouf) Soc. An'yme 13 Rue Couchat, Billancourt (Seine). Works: 121-123 Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt. Flying grounds: Issy-les-Molineux Villacoublay (S-&-O). This old established balloon and dirigible firm first took up aviation as French agents for the Wrights in 1909. For a time they built Wrights with certain modifications, but by 1912, little save the Wright system of warping remained. Capacity: about 100 machines a year.

Biplane, type C.

1912-13.

Wood.

Military biplane type C.M.

1912-13.

Wood

Biplane, Type C.

1913.

Wood & steel.

Mil. biplane, type C.M.

1913.

Wood & steel.

Hydro-biplane, type C.M.

1913.

Wood & steel.

Length

feet (m.)

34 (10.40)

36 (10.97)

34 (10.40)

36 (10.97)

32¾ (10)

Span

feet (m.)

41 (12.50)

40½ (12.32)

41 (12.50)

40½ (12.32)

39½ (12)

Area.

sq. feet (m²)

519 (48.2)

519 (48.2)

519 (48.2)

519 (48.2)

519 (48.2)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

1764 (800)

2365 (1073)

...

1411 (640)

1763 (800)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

661 (300)

882 (400)

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

50 Renault

75 Renault or 75 Chenu

50 Renault

75 Renault

100 Renault

Speed

max.  m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

56 (90)

56 (90)

56 (90)

56 (90)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

Remarks.—The 1912-13 and 1913 types differ only in the adoption of metal in the 1913 models, which are consequently considerably lighter.

General features.—Warping wings. Fixed tail planes with two elevators in rear. Single rudder. Single tractor geared down 1 to 2. Type C carries 85 litres petrol; type C.M., 137 litres.

Astra. Military "C.M." 1913.

Astra. Hydro-avion, 1913.

B

BERTIN.

L. Bertin, 23 rue de Rocroy, Paris. About 1908 Bertin began building helicopters. The machine below was exhibited in the 1913 Paris Salon.

Bertin. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

1913.

Monoplane. 2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

29 (8.80)

Span

feet (m.)

34 (10.40)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

226 (21)

Weight

machine, lbs. (kgs.)

770 (350)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

Motor

h.p.

100 Bertin

Speed

max m.p.h. (km.)

71 (115)

Number built during 1912

1

Remarks.—Wood and steel construction. On wheels only. Controls: warping and rear elevator.

BESSON.

Marcel Besson, 24 rue Marbeuf, Paris. Capacity: small. Besson first appeared in 1911 with a tail-first mono. In the Paris Salon, 1913, he exhibited an improved machine along similar lines.

1913 Canard

2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

22 (6.70)

Span

feet (m.)

44 (13.40)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

323 (30)

Weight

machine, lbs. (kgs.)

730 (331.2)

useful (kgs.)

...

Motor

h.p.

70 Gnome

Speed

m.p.h.(km.)

59 (95)

Number built during 1912

1

Remarks.—All steel construction. On wheels and 2 skids. Control: ailerons and front elevator.

BLERIOT Monoplanes.

L. Bleriot, "Bleriot-Aeronautique," 39, Route de la Révolte, Paris-Levallois. Flying grounds: Buc Etampes and Pau.

L. Bleriot began to experiment in 1906, along Langley lines. By 1909 he was one of the leading French firms; and the first cross Channel flight was made by him.

Details of standard types:—

XI bis.

2-seater mono. (

1911

onward)

XXI.

Military side by side 2-seater mono.

1912. XXVII.

Single seat mono.

1912. XXVIII.

Single seater

1913. XXVIII.

2-seater.

1913.

Monocoque 2-seater

1913.

Length

feet (m)

27-1/3 (8.40)

27¼ (8.24)

28 (8.50)

25 (7.60)

27 (8.20)

...

Span

feet (m)

36 (11)

36 (11)

29½ (9)

29 (8.80)

32 (9.75)

40 (12.25)

Area

sq. ft. (m².)

349 (33)

268 (25)

129 (12)

162 (15)

215 (20)

270 (25)

Weight

unladen, lbs. (kgs)

...

727 (330)

529 (240)

530 (240)

660 (300)

830 (375)

useful  lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

286 (129)

550(250)

...

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

70 Gnome

70 Gnome

50 Gnome

70 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

56 (90)

78 (125)

62 (100)

71 (115)

75 (120)

min.  m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

...

Note.—The monos., as usual, are of wood construction; wheels only for landing. Rectangular section bodies. Warping wings, elevator in rear. Chauviere propeller. The monocoque has wood, steel and cork construction. Coque body. Skids to landing chassis. Levasseur propeller. Otherwise as the other monos.

Principal Bleriot flyers are or have been:—Aubrun, Balsan, Bleriot, Busson, Chavez, Cordonnier, Delagrange, Drexel, Efimoff, Gibbs, Hubert, Hamel, Moissant, Paulhan, Prevetau, Prevot, Prier, Radley, Thorup, Tyck, Wienzciers, and many others.

Bleriot XI bis.

1913 type of XI bis. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Bleriot XXVII.

General standard type of Bleriot 1912 & 1913. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Special types of Bleriots.—In addition to the standard machines, Bleriot from time to time produces special machines, of which the best known is the Limousine, built for M. Deutsch de la Meurthe, built 1911 and still existing. One or two Canards have also been built, including an armoured military.

BLERIOT-LIMOUSINE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Early in 1913 a special experimental military machine was produced with considerable secrecy.

BLERIOT MILITARY. Special 1913 military. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BOREL.

G. Borel & Cie, 25 rue Brunel, Paris. Established 1910. Capacity: about 25 machines a year.

Model.

1913.

Monoplane.

1913.

Monocoque Racer.

1913.

Hydro-mono. 2-seater.

Length

22 feet (6.70 m.)

19 feet (5.80 m.)

27 feet (8.30 m.)

Span

30 feet (9.15 m.)

26 feet (8.00 m.)

37 feet (11.25 m.)

Area

152 sq. ft. (14 m².)

116 sq. ft. (11 m².)

237 sq. ft. (22 m².)

Weight

total

530 lbs. (240 kgs.)

608 lbs. (276 kgs.)

880 lbs. (399 kgs.)

useful

287 lbs. (130 kgs.)

...

...

Motor

50 Gnome

80 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

(p.h.)

71 m. (115 km.)

94 m. (150 km.)

62 m. (100 km.)

Note.—The monocoque is of wood and steel construction, the others wood only. The monocoque has coque body, the others ordinary rectangular section. Floats of the hydro as illustrated. For the rest the ordinary mono. is practically on the same lines as the 1912. The racer is somewhat on Deperdussin lines, but the body is built up inside. No fixed tail. The hydro. is an enlarged edition of the mono. Floats display nothing very original, except that a float under tail is interconnected with the rudder, and that the two front floats are fitted for being rowed. Fitted with a self-starter.

1913 Borel. Hydro-avion. By favour of "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Hydro-avion.

There is also a Denhaut design, 1913, about the same as a Donnet-Leveque.

Borel. Monocoque. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BREGUET.

Soc. Anonyme des ateliers d'aviation, Louis Breguet, 16 Boulevard Vauban, Donai (Nord). Capacity: about 200 machines a year. Paris office: 25, Boulevard Jules Sandeau. Schools at La Brayelle, pris Douai, Vélisy-Villacoublay, pris Paris.

1913 models.

G2

bis. 2 or 3-seater biplane.

G3. 3-seater

biplane.

C-U1.

2-seater biplane.

C-U2.

2-seater biplane.

Aérhydroplane tandem mono. 2-seater, side by side.

Length

feet (m)

33 (10)

29 (8.75)

29 (8.75)

29 (8.75)

29 (8.75)

Span

feet (m)

49 (15)

45 (13.65)

45 (13.65)

45 (13.65)

42 (12.80)

Area

sq. feet (m²)

376 (35)

377 (36)

387 (36)

387 (36)

387 (36)

Weight

empty, lbs. (kgs.)

1323 (600)

1212 (550)

1430 (649)

1160 (522)

1760 (798)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

662 (300)

882 (400)

662 (300)

882 (400)

662 (300)

Motor

h.p.

80 Gnome

100 Gnome

80 Canton Unmé.

110 Canton Unmé.

110 Canton Unmé.

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

62 (100)

69 (110)

62 (100)

71 (115)

87 (140)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

62 (100)

Endurance

hrs.

3-1/2

4

7

7

7

Number built during 1912

A total of 41 sold

during 1912 for

military purposes.

...

In each case.—

Construction.—All steel.

Landing chassis.—C consists of three wheels each protected by skids. The two main wheels, placed on either side of the centre of gravity, are fitted with patent "Oleopneumatic" shock absorbers. The steering wheel and the front skid have a spring suspension.

Military machines.—The 1912 sales of these were:—32 to France; 5 British; 3 Italian; 1 Swedish.

Steering.—The patented control system consists of a wheel mounted on a pivoted lever. The backward and forward movement of the entire system operates the elevator: the sideway movement warps the rear edge of the upper wings, and the rotation of the wheel steers the machine. The latter operation also governs the front wheel of the landing chassis, so that when on the ground the machine can be steered like a motor car.

Portability.—The main planes can be folded alongside of the fuselage. The machine can then be towed on any ordinary road, or be housed in places such as farm buildings, stables, &c.

Aerhydroplane, 1913-14.

BREGUET. Hydro. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BREGUET. Biplane. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BRÉGUET. 1912-13, G3 type 3-seater military. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

C

CAUDRON.

Caudron Fréres, Rue (Somme). Schools: Crotoy and Juvissy. Capacity: about 100-250 a year.

Model and Date.

M2

1912-13 mono.

N.

1912-13 mono.

G.D.

1912-13 mono.

1913

mono.

B.

1912-13 biplane.

E.

1912-13 biplane.

Monaco type, 1912 hydro-biplane.

1913

hydro-biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

20 (6.10)

19-3/4 (6)

22 (6.75)

19-1/4 (5.80)

26-1/4 (8)

23-1/2 (7.15)

22 (6.75)

32-3/4 (10)

Span

feet (m.)

31 (9.40)

26-1/3 (8)

34 (10.30)

27-1/3 (8.50)

32-3/4 (10)

35-1/2 (10.80)

33 (10.10)

46 (14)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

151 (14)

108 (10)

268 (25)

118 (11)

431 (40)

301 (28)

268 (25)

376 (35)

Weight

machine, lbs. (kgs.)

518 (235)

496 (225)

386 (175)

490 (225)

683 (310)

640 (295)

772 (350)

882 (400)

Motor

h.p.

50 Anzani or Gnome

50 Anzani

Anzani or Gnome

50 Gnome.

Anzani or Gnome

Gnome

Gnome

70 Gnome

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

71 (115)

84 (135)

75 (120)

84

56 (90)

56 (90)

50 (80)

50 (80)

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Notes.

--Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. On wheels. Enclosed body.

Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. On wheels as well as floats. (Special Caudron patent.)

1912 hydro. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CAUDRON. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

1913 hydro. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CAUDRON. Mono. By favour of "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CLEMENT-BAYARD.

Usines Clement-Bayard, 33 quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine).

1913. Military 3-seater biplane.

1913. Military single seater monoplane.

Length

feet (m)

37 (11.20)

24-2/3 (7.50)

Span

upper feet (m)

52 (16)

30 (9.20)

lower feet (m)

36 (11)

...

Area

sq. feet (m².)

533 (50)

172 (16)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

2425 (1100)

1146 (520)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

1014 (460)

441 (200)

Motor

h.p.

100 Gnome

70 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

53 (85)

75 (120)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

Notes.—Control: lateral, warping.

D

D'ARTOIS.

Soc. Anonyme des Anciens Chantiers Tellier, Longuenesse, pres St. Omer. Re-established 1912. Capacity: small.

Model and date.

1913

model. "Aero torpille" hydro-biplane.

1913

"Aero torpille" biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

23 (7)

24-3/4 (7.50)

Span

feet (m.)

36 (11)

36 (11)

20 (6)

20 (6)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

280 (26)

280 (26)

Weight

empty, lbs. (kgs.)

772 (350)

551 (250)

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

50 Gnome

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

84 (135)

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

Notes.—Single long boat body, canoe-shape.

By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

DEPERDUSSIN. Armand Deperdussin, 19 rue des Entrepreneurs, Paris. School: Courey-Betheny (Marne). Established 1910. Capacity: about 150-200 machines a year.

E 1912-13.

school mono.

P 1912-13.

single seater mono.

T 1912-13.

2-seater mono.

H 1912-13.

3-seater mono.

Monocoque

1913.

2-seater.

Mono.

1913.

2-seater.

Length

feet (m)

24 (7.30)

24 (7.30)

24 (7.30)

29 (8.80)

19 (5.75)

...

Span

feet (m)

29 (8.85)

28 (8.50)

35 (10.65)

41 (12.50)

29-1/2 (8.95)

36 (11)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

...

162 (15)

...

310 (28)

97 (9)

...

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

661 (300)

782 (355)

1212 (550)

2050 (930)

882 (400)

...

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

30 Anzani

50 Gnome

70 Gnome

100 Gnome

50 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

50 (80)

69 (110)

65 (105)

69 (110)

113 (180)

105 (170)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

81 (130)

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

2

5

27

3

2

1

Notes.—Wood construction. Lateral control by warping. Mounted on wheels without skids. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Principal Deperdussin records: 1912 Gordon Bennett (Vedrines) and a number of world records for speed and distance.

Principal pilots include: Busson, Prévost, Vedrines, Vidart.

50 h.p. monocoque.

DEPERDUSSIN. 80 h.p. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

The 80 h.p. mounted on floats as a hydro.

DONNET-LEVEQUE.

A 1912.

2-seater hydro-biplane

B 1912.

2-seater hydro-biplane

C 1912.

3-seater hydro-biplane

1913.

2-seater hydro-biplane

Length

feet (m)

26 (7.80)

27 (8.30)

27 (8.30)

34-1/2 (10.50)

Span

feet (m)

29-1/2 (9)

32-3/4 (10)

34-1/2 (10.50)

29-1/2 (9)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

194 (18)

215 (20)

237 (22)

194 (18)

Weight

lbs. (kgs.)

683 (310)

772 (350)

888 (380)

888 (380)

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

70 Gnome

80 Gnome

50 Gnome

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

69 (110)

75 (120)

...

50 (80)

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

Notes.—Lateral control by warping ailerons. Motor in gap just below upper plane: propeller in rear, direct driven. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Floats.—One large central boat 27 feet (8.20 m.) long—two small ones at each extremity of lower plane.

By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

DOUTRE.

Soc. Anonyme Doutre, 58, rue Talbot, Paris.

Type.

Biplane 3-seater,

1912-13.

Biplane 2-seater,

1912-13.

Length

feet (m.)

40 (12.25)

...

Span

feet (m.)

53 (16.10)

...

43 (13)

...

Area

sq. feet (m².)

533 (50)

...

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

1323 (600)

1323 (600)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

992 (450)

992 (450)

Motor

h.p.

70 Renault

50 Renault

Speed

max. m.p.h (km.)

56 (90)

56 (90)

Number built during 1912

1

?

Notes.—Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. Both types fitted with the Doutre patent stabiliser, which automatically and instantaneously counteracts troubles due to sudden gusts or partial motor failures. Weight of the 1913 model stabiliser is only 44 lbs. (20 kgs.)

Model 1913 stabiliser.

DOUTRE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

F

FARMAN.

Henry and Maurice Farman, 167, Rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine) Aerodromes: Buc, pres Versailles and Etampes. Depots: Camp de Chalons—Reims. Established by H. Farman in 1908. M. Farman established works a little later. In 1912 the two brothers combined. The present works were opened in January, 1912, and had an output capacity of at least 300 machines a year in March, 1913.

H. Farman.

Military. 2 or 3-seater.

1912-13.

Biplane.

H. Farman.

Single-seater. Military.

1913.

Biplane.

H. Farman.

2-seater monoplane.

H. Farman.

2-seater special hydro-biplane.

1913. M. Farman.

Military biplane.

M. Farman.

Big military biplane.

M. Farman.

Staggered biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

26-1/4 (8)

24 (7.35)

24-1/2 (7.50)

26 (7.90)

39-1/3 (12)

46 (14)

39 (11.90)

Span

feet (m.)

42-3/4 (13.25)

31-1/8 (9.50)

32-3/4 (10)

45 (13.70)

50-3/4 (15.50)

65-3/4 (20)

36 (11)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

376 (35)

161 (15)

204 (19)

344 (32)

646 (60)

861 (80)

323 (30)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

793 (360)

640 (295)

628 (285)

950 (431)

1102 (500)

1433 (650)

882 (400)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

661 (300)

386 (175)

...

...

617 (280)

882 (400)

551 (250)

Motor

h.p.

70-80 Gnome

70-80 Gnome

Designed for Gnomes from 40 up to 160 h.p.

50 Gnome

70 Renault

70 Renault

70 Renault

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km)

65 (105)

71 (15)

...

52 (100)

56 (90)

44 (70)

69 (110)

min. m.p.h. (km)

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

3

...

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Remarks.—The whole of the above can easily be converted into hydro-avions—two long narrow floats without steps. H. Farmans are of wood and steel construction; M. Farman, wood. In all 1913 biplanes the ailerons are inter-connected. All 1913 machines designed to carry one or in some cases two mitrailleuse, and special attention is paid to facility for taking down for transport and re-assembling. The 1911-12 H. Farmans had elevators forward, were a good deal longer, and had more surface than 1913 models. Ailerons not inter-connected. The M. Farmans generally as now, except that all planes, etc., had rounded edges. On September 11th, 1912, Foury, in an M. Farman military, made world's endurance record to date, 13 hrs. 22 min., covering 631 miles (1,017 km.) All models of this type, also the "big military," are fitted with the Doutre stabiliser. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Latest Hydro.—In March, 1913, a new hydro was produced experimentally. There is a boat body, without steps, carrying the motor which is chain connected with the propeller. Machine is fitted with wheels and skids as well.

H. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.

H. Farman. 1913 latest type military biplane.

M. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.

M. Farman. 1912-13 staggered biplane. This is the type which has done best as a hydro-aeroplane.

G

GOUPY.

A. Goupy, 50, Avenue Marceau, Paris. School: Juvissy (Port Aviation). Capacity: about 30 machines a year.

Model and date.

1913 A.

Staggered biplane.

1913 B.

Staggered biplane.

1913.

Hydro-staggered biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

25 (7.50)

26-1/4 (8)

33 (10)

Span

feet (m.)

26-1/4 (8)

42-3/4 (13)

42 (12.70)

Area

sq. feet (m²)

...

...

480 (45)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

992 (450)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

661 (300)

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

80 or 100 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

62 (100)

75 (120)

75 (120)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

12

1

Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Goupy. Hydro. From "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Goupy. Hydro. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

H

HANRIOT.

Aeroplanes Hanriot & Cie., 145 rue de Neufchatel, Reims. Paris office: 69 boulevard Berthier, Paris. School: Antibes, Reims.

1913

models.

Monoplanes. D I.

Single seater.

D II.

2 or 3-seater.

D III.

Racer.

D IV.

Steel.

D VII.

Length

feet (m.)

23 (7)

26-1/3 (8)

21-3/4 (6.65)

23 (7)

23 (7)

Span

feet (m.)

28-1/3 (8.70)

42-3/4 (13)

24 (7.30)

28-1/3 (8.65)

36 (10.95)

Area

sq. feet (m²)

161 (15)

226 (21)

91 (8.50)

161 (15)

194 (18)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

661 (300)

937 (425)

661 (300)

661 (300)

771 (350)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

616 (280)

...

396 (180)

364 (165)

Motor

h.p.

50 Anzani

100 Gnome

100 Gnome

50 R. Peugeot

80 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

69 (110)

78 (125)

106 (170)

71 (115)

71 (115)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

Notes.—There are also two school types 35 and 45 h.p. Records include 1912 world record for speed with passengers.

None of the above machines represent any very particular divergence from recognised Hanriot practice. D IV is all steel construction, the others wood and steel.

Hanriot

M

MORANE-SAULNIER.

Soc. de constructions aéronautiques, Morane-Saulnier. 206 Boulevard Pereire. Capital: 1,500,000 francs. School: Villacoublay. Output capacity: about 50 machines a year.

Military, 1913.

2 places. Tandem.

Length

feet (m.)

21 (6.38)

21 (6.38)

Span

feet (m.)

30-1/5 (9.20)

33-1/2 (10.20)

Surface

sq. feet (m².)

151 (14)

172 (16)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

595 (270)

617 (280)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

Motor

h.p.

50 h.p.

80 h.p.

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

75 (120)

75 (120)

Number built during 1912

...

...

In each case body is of rectangular section, wood, mounted on wheels only, except for the military type which has skids also. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

In all there is a rear elevator and a Chauvière tractor.

Note.—Flown in the European Circuit, 1911, by Vedrines, Gajet, Lesire, Morisson, Verept, Frey, Garnier and Dalgier.

Morane-Saulnier

1913. 100 h.p. Gnome engined.

MOREAU.

Moreau fréres, Combs-la-Ville.

Model and date.

1913.

2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

31 (9.50)

Span

feet (m.)

39-1/3 (12)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

258 (24)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

992 (450)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

Motor

h.p.

70 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

62 (100)

Number built during 1912

2

Notes.—Fitted with a special stabilising device.

MOREAU. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

N

NIEUPORT.

Etablissements Nieuport, 9 rue de Seine, Suresnes (Seine). Established 1910 by the late Edouard Nieuport. Approximate capacity of works: about 100 machines a year. Chief designer during 1911 was Pagny, who has now joined the Hanriot firm.

Model and date.

Monoplanes. II N, 1912. II G, 1912. IV G, 1912-13.

2-seater.

IV M, 1912-13.

3-seater.

1913.

2-seater.

1913.

1-seater.

1913.

1-seater.

1913.

Hydro 3-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

23-2/3 (7.20)

23-2/3 (7.20)

25-2/3 (7.80)

25-2/3 (7.80)

26-1/4 (8)

21-3/4 (6.60)

23 (7)

29 (8.80)

Span

feet (m.)

28-1/3 (8.65)

28-1/3 (8.65)

36 (10.90)

39-1/3 (12.10)

36 (11)

28-1/3 (8.70)

27-2/3 (8.40)

40 (12.20)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

...

...

...

...

231 (21-1/2)

140 (13)

156 (14-1/2)

242 (22-1/2)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

529 (240)

683 (310)

771 (350)

1058 (480)

771 (350)

573 (260)

573 (260)

1230 (558)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

30 Nieuport

Gnome

Gnome

Gnome

Gnome

50 Gnome

30 Nieuport

100 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

75 (120)

87 (140)

72 (117)

72 (117)

69 (110)

78 (125)

69 (110)

72 (117)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

75 (120)

69 (110)

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Notes.—Early types had a Hanriot style landing carriage; the 1913 models revert to a Bleriot type. Warping wings. Fuselage entirely enclosed, rectilineal with rounded nose.

Nieuport. Hydro. By favour of "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

P

PAULHAN-CURTISS.

Soc. anonyme d'aviation Paulhan, (S.A.P.) 71 boulevard Berthier, Paris. Flying ground: Bois d'Arcy par St. Ayr (S. et O.) Hydro school: Juan-les-Pins, par Antibes (Alpes Maritimes).

Founded by the well-known aviator, L. Paulhan. He first produced biplanes, then triplanes and finally a monoplane type, the Tatin-Paulhan (1911). These are now all abandoned, and the firm devotes itself to building hydro-aeroplanes under Curtiss (U.S.A.) license. Principal type built are:—

Model and date.

Biplanes.

Flying boat. Single-seater.

Flying boat. 2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

...

27 (8.30)

Span

feet (m.)

35-1/2 (10.80)

37 (11.30)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

...

290 (26-3/4)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

...

948 (430)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

Motor

h.p.

75 Curtiss

85 Curtiss

Speed

m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

Number built during 1912

2

8

PISCHOFF.

Établissements Autoplan, 4 rue Beranger, Boulogne sur Seine (Seine).

This firm has produced various types in the past, but at present, appears confined to constructing to specifications (See Pischoff-Werner last edition).

Paulhan-Curtiss. Flying boat.

R

R.E.P.

Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Billancourt. School: Bue. One of the earliest established French firms. The first to go in for steel construction. Reported to have amalgamated with Breguet in 1912, but this fell through.

Model.

Steel monoplanes. 1912.

1-seater.

1912.

2-seater.

1912.

Military. 3-seater.

1913.

2-seater.

1913.

Hydro-mono. 2-seater.

Length

feet (m.)

25-1/3 (7.70)

25-1/3 (7.70)

25-1/3 (7.70)

23 (7)

25 (7.50)

Span

feet (m.)

35 (10.70)

38-1/3 (11.70)

38-1/3 (11.70)

36 (11)

38-1/4 (11.60)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

215 (20)

237 (22)

323 (30)

237 (22)

323 (20)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

882 (400)

661 (300)

882 (400)

595 (270)

...

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

...

...

Motor

make and h.p.

60 Rep.

66 Rep.

90 Rep.

95 Rep.

80 Rep.

Speed

max. mph. (km.)

69 (110)

69 (110)

69 (110)

78 (125)

78 (125)

min. mph. (km.)

...

...

...

62 (100)

62 (100)

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

Remarks:—Steel construction. Pentagonal and triangular body. Mounted on wheels and skids. The hydro is on one very large central float.

Flight. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

S

SANCHEZ BESA.

2 avenue de Villiers, Paris.

Model and date.

1912.

Hydro-biplane.

1912.

Hydro-biplane.

1913.

Hydro-biplane. (amphibious)

Length

feet (m.)

34 (10.40)

...

32-3/4 (10)

Span

feet (m.)

54 (16.40)

55-3/4 (17)

54-3/4 (16.60)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

646 (60)

...

646 (60)

Weight

àvide lbs. (kgs.)

1984 (900)

...

1102 (500)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

100 Renault

70 Renault

70 Renault

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

...

50 (80)

Endurance

hrs.

5

5

6

Number built during 1912

3

1

1

Notes.—Wood and steel construction.

Controls.—Ailerons and rear elevators. Floats: The first has two and the second three floats. The 1913 model has a single boat body mounted on wheels.

1913 hydro.

SAVARY.

Soc. anonyme des aeroplanes. Robert Savary, 31 rue Dunois, Paris. School: Chartres. Output capacity: 100 to 150 machines a year.

Model and date.

1912.

Biplane.

1912.

Military (3-seater.)

1913.

Biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

36 (11)

33-1/2 (10.15)

38-1/2 (11.70)

Span

feet (m.)

46 (14)

49 (14.90)

49-1/4 (15)

33 (10)

37 (11.20)

33 (10)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

510 (48)

533 (50)

550 (52)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

1132 (600)

...

1132 (600)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

various

70 Labor

75 Renault(Gnome or Labor)

Speed

max m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

...

59 (96)

min m.p.h. (km.)

50 (80)

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

47

...

Notes.—Wood and steel construction. Control: ailerons and rear elevator. Landing gear: wheels and skids. Special features: There are 4 rudders in the gap, and 2 tractors, chain driven. Aeroplatte fabric.

SAVARY. 1913. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

SLOAN. "Bicurve."

Sloan & Cie, 17 rue de Louvre, Paris. Works: 9 rue Victor Hugo, Charenton. Flying ground: Port Aviation. Output capacity: small.

Model and date.

1912.

1913.

Length

feet (m.)

31-1/3 (9.50)

29 (8.70)

Span

feet (m.)

42-3/4 (13)

42-1/2 (12.90)

Area

sq. feet (m²)

527 (49)

473 (44)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

1100 (500)

662 (300)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

Motor

h.p.

100 Gnome

120 Laviator

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

59 (95)

65 (105)

Number built during 1912

...

...

Notes.—Wood construction. Wheels and skids landing gear. Control: ailerons and rear elevator.

Sloan.

SOMMER.

Ateliers Roger Sommer, Mouzon, Ardennes. Flying grounds: Douzy, Mourmelon, Vidammé.

Monoplanes.

Biplanes.

Model and date.

E 1912.

1913.

K 1912.

Single seater.

R 1912.

2 or 3-seater

S 1912.

L 1912.

R3 1913.

2 or 3-seater

Length

feet (m.)

22 (6.70)

23 (7)

39-1/4 (12)

36 (11)

31 (9.50)

29-1/2 (9)

38-2/3 (11.70)

Span

feet (m.)

28-1/2 (8.70)

26-1/4 (8)

39-1/4 (12)

51 (15.50)

42 (12.80)

39-1/4 (12)

46 (14)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

172 (16)

172 (16)

215 (20)

533 (50)

350 (32)

...

575 (54)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

595 (270)

617 (280)

617 (280)

992 (450)

597 (275)

639 (290)

882 (400)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

50 Anzani or Gnome

50 Gnome

Various

Various

Various

Various

70 Renault

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

84 (135)

84 (135)

61 (98)

50 (80)

57 (92)

56 (90)

56 (90)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

67 (108)

65 (105)

53 (85)

...

53 (84)

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

4

4

...

...

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Wood and steel construction. Landing: carriage wheels.

Control

: warping and rear elevator. Rectangular body.

Wood and steel construction. Landing: wheels and skids.

Control

: ailerons and front rear elevator.

SOMMER. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

T

TRAIN.

E. Train, Buoy, Camp de Chalons (Marne).

Model and date.

Monoplanes.

1-seater.

2-seater.

Hydro-mono.

Length

feet (m.)

26-1/4 (8)

26-1/4 (8)

26-1/4 (8)

Span

feet (m.)

30-3/4 (9.30)

35 (10.66)

42-1/2 (12.94)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

172 (16)

215 (20)

...

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

573 (260)

617 (280)

...

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

30/60 Anzani

70 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

59 (95)

65 (105)

...

min. m.p.h. (km.)

47 (75)

...

...

Number built during 1912

...

...

...

Notes.—Steel construction. Landing: carriage wheels and skids. Control: warping and rear elevator. The hydro has one very large float which extends a considerable distance ahead of the tractor.

TRAIN. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

TUBAVION.

Ponche & Primaud, Long.

Model and date.

Monoplane.

1913.

Length

feet (m.)

29 (8.85)

Span

feet (m.)

29-1/2 (9)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

194 (18)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

772 (350)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

Motor

h.p.

70 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

65 (105)

Number built during 1912

1

Notes.—Tubular steel construction. Landing: wheels and 2 very long skids. Propeller: amidships.

TUBAVION. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

V

VINET.

Gaston Vinet, 41-47 quai de Seine, Courbevoie: also 2-8 rue Larnac. Established for automobile work, 1893. Aeroplane output capacity: small.

Model and date.

Type

D 1912

mono.

1913.

Mono.

Length

feet (m.)

21-1/2 (6.60)

21 (6.40)

Span

feet (m.)

28-1/2 (8.60)

28 (8.50)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

162 (15)

162 (15)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

550 (250)

440 (200)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

...

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

50 Gnome

Speed

max m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

60 (95)

Number built during 1912

6

...

Notes.—Wood construction. Landing wheels and skids. Control: warping and rear elevator. Rectangular body. The two types are practically identical.

VINET. Type D. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

VOISIN.

Voisin Aéroplanes, Boulevard Gambetta, Issy le Molineux, (Seine). School: Mourmelon. Capital 1,000,000 francs. The oldest aeroplane firm in the world, founded by the Brothers Voisin in 1905. (See past editions).

Latest models are:

Model and date.

Military biplane. Model

1912.

Hydro-biplane. Model

1912.

Military biplane. Model

1913.

Length

feet (m.)

37-3/4 (11.50)

36 (11)

32-3/4 (10)

Span

feet (m.)

55-3/4 (17)

43-1/4 (13.50)

45-1/3 (13.80)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

387 (36)

376 (35)

398 (37)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1367 (620)

1212 (550)

1102 (500)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

772 (350)

661 (300)

794 (360)

Motor

h.p.

70 Renault

100 Gnome

80 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

62 (100)

62 (100)

65 (105)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

Number built during 1912

47

8

...

Canard with floats. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.

Z

ZODIAC.

Société Zodiac, 10 route du Havre, Puteaux pres Paris (Seine). Aero park: St. Cyr l'Ecole pres Versailles. Established 1896. Capital 850,000 francs.

Model and date.

S2. 1913.

Length

feet (m.)

38-3/4 (11.75)

Span

feet (m.)

49 (15)

feet (m.)

36 (11)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

350 (32)

Weight

machine lbs. (kgs.)

1010 (460)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

551 (250)

Motor

h.p.

50 Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

59 (95)

Number built during 1912

...

Notes.—Wood construction. Control: Ailerons and 1 rear elevator. Upper planes staggered 30 in advance of lower. Quadrilateral fuselage. Piloted passenger side by side. Landing carriage: 2 wheels and 1 skid. Aeroplatte fabric.

The 1912 model was practically the same.

ZODIAC. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

Date.

Name.

Make.

Type.

Capacity in m³.

H.P.

Speed. m.p.h. (K)

Notes.

1909

LIBERTÉ

Lebaudy

s.r.

4800

120

28 (45)

1910

COL. RENARD

Astra

n.r.

4100

100

30 (50)

1911

ADJUTANT REAU

Astra 10

n.r.

8950

220

32 (53)

"

LIEUT. CHAURE

Astra 11

n.r.

8950

220

32 (53)

"

ADJ. VINCENNOT

C. Bayard 4

n.r.

7500

75

29 (48)

"

SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP

Lebaudy

s.r.

8000

75

30 (50)

"

CAPT. MARÉCHAL

Lebaudy

s.r.

7500

160

"

LE TEMPS

Zodiac 9

n.r.

2500

75

29 (48)

"

CAPT. FERBER

Zodiac 10

n.r.

6000

180

33 (54)

"

COMDT. COUTELLE

Zodiac 11

n.r.

9000

380

37 (60)

1912

SPIESS

Zodiac 12

r.

11000

400

40 (65)

"

FLEURUS

C. Bayard 5

n.r.

6500

150

36 (58)

"

ECLAIREUR CONTÉ

Astra 12

n.r.

6640

75

28 (46)

"

DUPUY DE LÔME

C. Bayard 6

n.r.

9700

244

35-1/2 (58)

Building

A

Astra

?

B

C. Bayard 7

?

C

Lebaudy

?

17000

1000

43-1/2 (70)

D

Zodiac 13

?

?

Pro.

7 new

20,000 c.m.

?

Military sheds at Belfert, Epinal, Maubenge, Reims, Toul, Verdun (2).—Total 7.

During the year 1912 the principal work done was as follows:—

Name.

Hours out.

Distance travelled. m. (km.)

Gas used. m³

C. Ferber

152

3540 (5900)

45,500

Adj. Reau

105-1/2

2310 (3845)

81,000

Dupuy de Lôme

100

2655 (4424)

66,500

Adj. Vincennot

55

1340 (2235)

50,000

Le Temps

23

440 (700)

9,000

Fleurus

3-3/4

100 (159)

19,000

Army Dirigible Pilots.

Airault, F.

Balny D'Avricourt

Baudry, A.

Bayard de Mendoca

Clerget, P.

Cohen, A.

Herbster, M.

Hirschaner, Col.

Juchmès, G.

Mugnier, Capt.

Noe, Martial

Périssé, Y.

Renard, Col. P.

Roussel, A.

Schelcher, A.

Note.—There are no dirigibles attached to the Navy.

Private.

Date.

Name.

Make.

Type.

Capacity in m³.

H.P.

Speed. m.p.h. (k.p.h.)

Remarks.

1909

ASTRA

Astra 7

n.r.

4475

100

27 (43)

1909

ZODIAC III

Zodiac 3

n.r.

1400

40

28 (45)

1911

ASTRA TORRES

Astra

n.r.

1930

55

34 (56)

1912

TRANSAERIENNE II

Astra 13

n.r.

9000

350

34 (56)

Private sheds at Chalons-s-Marre, Issy (2), Lamotte-Breuil, Meaux, Melun, Mousson, Reims, Pau, St. Cyr (2).—Total 11.

32 sheds are building or projected by the National Aviation Committee.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Capazza, Louis

Godart, Louis

Julliott, Henri

Kapferer, Henri

La Vaulx (de) Compte

Santo-Dumont, Albert

Surcouf, Edward

ASTRA CLASS.

Astra Societe de Constructions Aeronautique, 13, Rue Couchot, and 121, Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt.

This Society was founded by Surcouf for the production of ordinary balloons. The first dirigible work was building part of the old Lebaudy in 1903, followed in 1906 by the Ville de Paris. The total number of dirigibles of this type completed by the end of 1912 stood at 14, one very large dirigible in hand for the French Army, and one small one for the British Navy, and another for the Russian Army.

Owing to changes in names, or owing to two names getting supplied to one ship, confusion frequently exists as to the names of the Astra dirigibles. The correct list is as follows:—

1.

Part of the LEBAUDY

1903

2.

VILLE DE PARIS

1906

3.

VILLE DE BORDEAUX

1908

4.

VILLE DE NANCY

1909

5.

Russian Military dirigible, KOMMISSIONNY,

originally known as

CLEMENT-BAYARD I

1909

6.

COLONEL RENARD

1909

7.

ASTRA-TRANSAERIENNE-VILLE DE PAU-VILLE DE LUCERNE

[C]

1909

8.

ESPANA (Spanish Military)

1909

9.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES

1910

10.

LIEUT. CHAURE (French Military)

1911

11.

ADJUTANT RÉAU (French Military)

1911

12.

ECLAIREUR CONTÉ (French Military)

1912

13.

TRANSAERIENNE II

1912

14.

ASTRA-TORRES I

1911

[C] This ship has frequently figured as four different dirigibles.

The general features of the Astra class are: Non-rigid, weights distributed by means of a long girder hung under the gas bags, a long nacelle, and inflated stabilising shapes at the rear end of the balloon.

The Astra-Torres type are also non-rigid, but of trefoil section with a short nacelle.

The Compagnie Generale Transaerienne was first established in 1909 with Transaerienne I, and during the summers 1909, 1910 and 1911, this ship made a total of 273 ascents, carried 2590 passengers, and voyaged 7990 kilometres.

The Astra firm has dirigible hangers at Issy, Pau, Meaux, and Reims. Its constructional capacity is sufficient to build six dirigibles at any one time.

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES

"ASTRA I-TRANSAERIEN-VILLE DE PAU-VILLE DE LUCERNE" (1909).

Maximum length, 197 feet (60 m.) maximum diameter, 40 feet (12.20 m.) volume, 158,000 c. feet (4,475 m³.)

Total lift.—Just over 7 tons=15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Continental rubbered fabric, yellow.

Motor.—One 90-100 C. Bayard.

Speed.—27 m.p.h. (43 k.p.h.)

Propellers.—One.

SIDE ELEVATION

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid)

COLONEL RENARD. Military (1909).

Maximum length, 213 feet (65 m.) maximum diameter, 35 feet (10.50 m.) volume, 145,000 c. feet (4,200 m³.)

Total lift.—9,921 lbs. (4,500 kgs.)=about 4½ tons.

Gas bags.—Yellow coloured rubber proofed Continental fabric.

Motor.—One 110 h.p. 4-cylinder Panhard.

Speed.—29 m.p.h.

Propellers.—1, at the front end of the car. "Integrale."

Steering.—Elevators.

Remarks.—The two side stabilising shapes are duplicated, as they were in the Ville de Paris. A webbing stretched on steel tubes is introduced between the inner edges of the 4 main stabilising shapes to provide extra stabilising surface.

COLONEL RENARD. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

Note.—An elevator aft has since been added.

Improved Col. Renard's are:—

LIEUT. CHAURE. Military (1911).

ADJUTANT RÉAU. Military (1911)

TRANSAERIEN II (1911).

Particulars of these are as follows:—

Lieut. Chaure.

Adjutant Reau.

Transaerien II.

Length

275-1/2 feet (83.8 m.)

285 feet (86.78 m.)

250 feet (76.25 m.)

Diameter

46 feet (14 m.)

46 feet (14 m.)

46 feet (14 m.)

Volume

312,550 c. ft. (8,850 m³.)

314,000 c. ft. (8950 m³.)

318,000 c. ft. (9,000 m³.)

Motors

2 Panhard, each 110 h.p.

2 Brasier, each 110 h.p.

2 of 175 h.p. each

Speed

(p.h.)

32 m. (53 km.)

32 m. (53 km.)

34 m. (56 km.)

Notes.—All have 1 propeller forward of 6 m. diameter, and 2 aft of 3.70 m. The Lieut. Chaure's empeunage is by ballonets; in the other two a cellular system and automatic stabilisation are the special feature.

Appearance practically the same as for Colonel Renard.

ÉCLAIREUR CONTÉ. Military. (1912)

Nominal volume, 6,500 m³.

Length, 213 feet (65 m.) diameter, 46 feet (14 m.) volume, 234,500 c. feet (6,640 m³.)

Ballonets.—Volume, 71,770 c. feet (2,032 m³) empeunage: cellular.

Nacelle.—Length, 115 feet (35 m.) Breadth, 5½ feet (1.60 m.) Height about 6 feet (2-1.50 m.)

Motor.—2 Chenu, 80 h.p. Hele-Shaw clutch.

Speed.—About 28 m.p.h. (43-45 km.p.h.)

Propellers.—2 central aft, each of 4 m. (13 feet) diameter. 650 r.p.m.

Empeunage.—Cellular, Stabilisation automatic.

Notes.—In this type the usual Astra style, rear of gas bag, is entirely done away with. Surface of each elevator is 18², of the rudder 33 m². There are 2 petrol reservoirs, each of 180 litre capacity.

Weights.

lbs.

(kgs.)

Crew

838

(380)

Details

1367

(620)

Tools, etc.

220

(100)

"Lest d'altitude"

2205

(1000)

"Lest d'altitude" securité

661

(300)

Total

5291

(2400)

ASTRA-TORRES I.

Length, 157 feet (47.72 m.) diameter, 33 feet (10 m.) volume, 68,150 c. feet (1,930 m³.)

Ballonets.—Volume, 11,300 c. feet (320 m³.)

Nacelle.—Length, 18 feet (5.50 m.) Breadth, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Height, 6½ feet (2 m.)

Useful lift.—1,219 lbs. (553 kgs.)

Motor.—1 Chenu, 55 h.p., at 1,380 r.p.m. Clutch, Ruban.

Speed.—31 m.p.h. (50 km.) Endurance about 5 hours.

Propeller.—1 in rear of nacelle. Diameter, 14¾ feet (4.50 m.)

Notes.—The special feature of this type is that it is constructed in three lobes, two below and one above. This particular ship is merely experimental, and is known as a "Vedette." Three models of it are to be obtained, (1) this 55 h.p. of 1,930 m³. volume. (2) a 75 h.p. of 2,000 m³. nominal volume. (3) a 110 h.p. of from 3,000-3,500 m³. volume. This latter is designed to have two propellers instead of one.

Larger editions of the type are also projected as follows:—

"Scouts:" 4500-6300 m³. of 200 h.p. (2 motors.)

"Transaeriens:" 7,000-8,000 m³. of 400 h.p. (2 motors.)

"Dreadnoughts:" 12,000 m³. or so, of 750 h.p. (4 motors.)

Uniform Dirigible Scale.

CLEMENT-BAYARD CLASS.

Usines Clement-Bayard, 33, quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine).

These dirigibles closely resemble the Astra class in some main particulars; but (excepting I) differ from them in the sharp sterns and absence of stabilisers on stern.

The ships of this class are:—

1

CLEMENT-BAYARD

I

(Kommissionny)

Russian Military

2

"

II

British Military

(wrecked)

3

"

4

"

IV

(

Adjutant Vincennot

)

French Military

5

"

V

(

Fleurus

)

"

6

"

VI

Private

7

"

VII

French Military

(

building

), To be of 17,000 m³.

ADJUTANT VINCENNOT. Military. (1911.) (Clement-Bayard IV.)

Maximum length, 251 feet (76.50 m.) maximum diameter, 43 feet (13.22 m.) volume, 7,500 m³.

Total lift.—Nearly 8 tons (8,000 kgs.) Useful lift, 2¾ tons (2717 kgs.)

Gasbags.—Continental rubbered fabric. Weight, 380 grammes per m². Strength 1,000 kg. per metre. Leakage under 10 litres per m² per 24 hours.

Motors.—2 Clement motors, 4-cylinder, of 130 h.p., each placed on either side of the motor space.

Speed.—35 m.p.h. (56 km.)

Propellers.—2 Chauvière. Diameter, 19¾ feet (6 m.) Placed one on either side of the motors, well above the level.

Steering.—Vertical steering by means of a treble horizontal rudder over the rear end of the car. Horizontal steering by means of 2 vertical rudders placed one on each side of the rear horizontal rudder.

Remarks.—The feature of this C.B. type, which distinguishes it from the Astra ships of about the same size, is the arrangement of the propellers and the use of a 2 speed gear in connection with these. Normally each motor drives its own propeller through two sets of gearing connected by a Cardan shaft. On stopping one motor, the stopped motor is unclutched from its propeller shaft, which is then connected up by chain drive to the opposite shaft. The running motor is then put on to a "low gear," so that it can make the revolutions necessary for obtaining full power, while the propellers run slower than before. The ratio of "low gear" to "high" is 2 to 1, so that a single motor will be running under its best conditions when well throttled down.

A sister, C. Bayard II was sold to the British Army, and wrecked or dismantled, 1911.

LIST OF WEIGHTS.

kgs.

Gas bag

1,350

Valves (4)

45

Suspension

195

Girder (complete with fittings)

Bow portion (6 m. long.)

128

Engine room (2.5 m.)

1,390

Bridge and passenger space (12 m.)

957

After part (18 m.)

182

Raised tail (4.5 m.)

63

2 Propeller brackets

378

2 Propellers

230

Rudders

150

Water

140

Trail ropes

75

Total

5,283

Lift

8,000

Balance, for ballast fuel, oil, crew

2,717

FLEURUS. Military. (C.B. V.) (1912.)

C. BAYARD VI. (Private.) (1913.)

These two are slightly smaller sisters of the Adjutant Vincennot.

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES (Semi-rigid).

LEBAUDY CLASS.

Ateliers Lebaudy Frères, Moisson, par La Roche-Guyon (Seine-et-Oise).

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS:

The cars are short and suspended from a long keel which is suspended close up to the gas bag, and is mostly covered in with fireproof canvas.

The rear end of the keel is expanded into fixed vertical and horizontal fins, and carries a vertical and a horizontal rudder.

The rear end of the gas bag is fitted with thin fixed planes (compare with the pear shaped or tubular fins of the "Astra" class).

The cars are provided underneath with an extraordinarily strong conical structure, which takes the shock of striking the ground and distributes it over the whole car.

Aeroplanes are now fitted, one each side of the keel, well forward.

Ships of this class which have been built:—

LEBAUDY I

French Military Airship.

Rebuilt 1909 into

Lebaudy II

.

now discarded

1.

LEBAUDY II

"

Original

Lebaudy I

rebuilt.

Known as Le Jaune

.

now discarded

2.

PATRIE

Lost in a storm.

3.

REPUBLIQUE

French Military Airship.

Wrecked Autumn, 1909.

4.

LA RUSSIE

Sold to Russian Government.

Now

Lebed

.

5.

LIBERTÉ

French Military Airship.

6.

CAPITAINE MARECHAL

"

7.

"MORNING POST"

British Military.

(

Lebaudy III.

) Wrecked 1911

8.

LIEUT. SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP.

French Military Airship.

9.

New ship of 17,000 m³ building.

"

To Lebaudy designs:—

ONE

Austrian Military Airship.

Name

LIBERTÉ

CAPITAINE MARÉCHAL.

SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP.

New ship.

Building.

Date

1909.

1911.

1911.

1913-14.

Service

Military.

Military.

Military.

Military.

Volume

c. feet (m³)

4800

7500

8000

17,000

Length

feet (m.)

220 (67)

279 (85)

292 (89)

Diameter

feet (m.)

35-1/2 (10.80)

42 (12.80)

48 (14.00)

Gasbags

fabric

Lebaudy

Lebaudy

Lebaudy

ballonets

1

...

...

Lift

total tons

4-1/2

...

9

useful tons

...

...

...

Motors

h.p.

1--135 Panhard

2--80 Panhard

2--80 Panhard

Propellers

number

2 wood

2 wood

2 wood

blades

2

2

2

diam. feet (m.)

...

16-1/2 (5)

16-1/2 (5)

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

31 (50)

28 (45)

28 (45)

Endurance

hrs.

...

...

...

Complement

...

...

5

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid).

ZODIAC CLASS.

Société française de ballons dirigeables et d'aviation, Zodiac, 10 route du Havre, Puteaux (Seine).

These dirigibles were intended primarily for private pleasure purposes. Consequently they are designed to fly when filled with coal gas if necessary.

Every effort is made to render them easily transportable; the long girder frame by which the weight is distributed is made to take to pieces.

It is held in France that numbers of this class of vessel would form an invaluable asset in time of war, as each could be transported in a single cart, filled with a very few bottles of hydrogen, and when so filled could manuvre for some 6 hours at a speed which compares favourably with that of the standard types.

When the service of reconnaissance was performed, the vessel could be packed up and sent out of harm's way in an hour, whereas this could scarcely be done with a larger vessel on account of the quantity of hydrogen that would be required if it had to be filled afresh for each service. The mooring of an airship in the open during war requires such an amount of preparation and attention as to be a serious drawback to the alternative plan of keeping such vessels unfilled, while the sending of an airship back to its distant shed on each occasion means doubling the work that the ship is called upon to perform.

Ships of class are:—

1.

ZODIAC I

(

Petit Journal

)

2.

ZODIAC II

(

De la Vaulx

)

3

ZODIAC III

4

ZODIAC IV

Dutch Military

5.

ZODIAC V

South American (private)

6.

ZODIAC VI

Sold to United States

7

ZODIAC VII

Sold to Russian Army

8.

ZODIAC VIII

"

9.

ZODIAC IX

(

Le Temps

)

French Army

10.

ZODIAC X

(

Capitaine Ferber

)

"

11.

ZODIAC XI

(

Commandant Coutelle

)

"

12.

ZODIAC XII

(

Spiess

)

"

(

rigid

)

ZODIAC III.

Maximum length, 134 feet (40.8 m.) maximum diameter, 28 feet (8.5 m.) volume, 1,400 m³.

Total lift.—1½ tons (1,540 kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Light continental rubbered fabric.

Motor.—Ballot, 4-cylinder, 40-45 h.p., 1,200 r.p.m.

Speed.— m.p.h. (45 km.p.h.)

Propellers.—Driven at 600 r.p.m. Integral type, 12¼ feet (3.75 m.) in diameter. Pitch, 6½ feet (2 m.) in rear of the car.

Steering.—Vertical balanced rudder in rear of the vertical fin, under the rear of the gas bag. Double elevator above the fore end of the car. Horizontal fins of material spread on iron frames on either side of the rear end of the car.

Remarks.—The car consists of a 130 feet (40 m.) long wooden girder, which can be divided into 4 separate parts of 13 feet (4 m.) each. The suspension is by steel wires fitted with adjusting screws at the lower ends and toggles at the upper ends, by which they connect to the crows' feet which are sewn to the suspension strips.

ZODIAC III.

DETAILED WEIGHTS OF ZODIAC III.

kgs.

lbs.

Gas bag (

including

ballonet)

330

727½

Valves

12

26½

Suspension wires and gear

15

33

Tail fins

24

53

Horizontal rudder

10

22

Vertical rudder

10

22

Girder car

168

370¼

Motor (

including

pump, magneto, lubricating gear, etc.)

275

606¼

Motor bearer and gear

22

48½

Petrol tank

10

22

Radiator

25

55

Reduction gearing

12

26½

Shafting

15

33

Fan

9

20

Steering gear

5

11

Water

8

17¾

Petrol

20

44

Miscellaneous: 4 men

300

661

Total

1,270

2,800

about

Ballast

270

595

Total weight

1,540

Total lift 3,395

LE TEMPS. Military. (Alias ZODIAC IX.)

Maximum length, 164 feet (50.25 m.) maximum diameter, 29½ feet (9 m.) volume, 81,250 cubic feet (2,300 m³.)

Total lift.—

Gas bag, etc.—2 ballonets, each of 257 m³.

Motor.—Dansette-Gillet. 60 h.p.

Propellers.—2, chain driven, one on either side of car.

Speed.—

Steering.—Elevator in nacelle amidships. Rudder aft.

Remarks.—

LE TEMPS. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

CAPITAINE FERBER. Military.
(Alias ZODIAC X.)

Maximum length, 249-1/3 feet (76 m.) maximum diameter, 40½ feet (12.36 m.) volume, 6,000 m³.

This ship has 2 ballonets of 650 m³. each, and a car 35×13×2 m., made up of 5 sections. 2 motors. Dansette-Gillette, 90 h.p., each actuating 2 propellers (4-bladed), geared to 500 r.p.m. Carries petrol for 15 hours work. Completed 1911.

Photo, Branger.

CAPITAINE FERBER. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

COMMANDANT COUTELLE. Military.
(ZODIAC XI.)

(Enlarged Captaine Ferber.) Building.

Maximum length, 292 feet (89 m.) maximum diameter, 46 feet (14 m.) volume, 9,000 m³.

Gas bags, etc.—2 ballonnets, each 45,900 c. feet (1,300 m³.)

Nacelle.—Nickel steel in 5 sections. Length, 131¼ (40 m.) Width, 4½ feet (1.30 m.) Hung 16½ feet (5 m.) below the balloon. Pilot in centre. Carries a total crew of six, petrol and oil for 15 hours' continuous work at full power.

Motors.—2, each of 190 h.p.=total of 380 h.p. Placed one at either end of the nacelle.

Propellers.—4, of 15 feet (4.50 m.) diameter. Two geared to each motor to half engine speed.

Speed (expected).—37 m.p.h. (60 k.p.h.)

ZODIAC XII. Rigid. Military.
(SPIESS.)

Spiess. Building. Photo, Branger.

Maximum length, 341 feet (104 m.) maximum diameter, 42¾ feet (13 m.) volume, 11,000 m³.

Gas bags.—Sections 11. Number of cylindrical sections 8. Number of sides to polygon 14.

Motors.—Two 6-cylinder 200 h.p. in each nacelle, each driving 2 propellers of 15 feet (4.50 m.) diameter.

Speed. (expected)—40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)

GERMAN.

(By our special German editor.)

Aerial Journals:—

Deutsche Luftfahrer Zeitschrift fur Luftschffahr Berlin, W. (Fortnightly).

Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung, Berlin (Weekly).

Automobil Welt, Berlin (Thrice Weekly).

Das Deutsche Auto, Munich (Weekly).

Die Luftflotte, Berlin (Monthly).

Internationale Revue für Autowesen & Aviatik, Leipzig (Fortnightly).

Flugsport, Frankfurt (Fortnightly).

Motor, Berlin (Monthly).

Der Motorwagen, Berlin (Thrice Monthly).

Monatshefte der Reichsfliegerstiftung, Charlottenburg (Monthly).

Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik & Motorluftschiffahrt, Berlin (Fortnightly).

Private Flying Grounds (Military see further on):—

Adlershof, Teil des Flugfeldes Johannisthal (Wright School).

Bork, Post Brück in der Mark (Mars School).

Burg bei Magdeburg (Schulze School).

Darmstadt (Truppenübungsplatz).

Dotzheim bei Wiesbaden.

Frankfurt a.M. (August Euler).

Fühlungen bei Köln (Kölner Club für Flugsport).

Garching b. München (Hoffman-Harlan).

Griesheim b. Frankfurt a.M. (Frankfurter Flugsport-Club & Flugtechn. Verein).

Habsheim b. Mülhausen i.E. (Aviatik).

Hainberg b. Nürnberg (Flugtechn. Ges. Nürnberg-Fürth).

Hamburg (Grade).

Holten. Niederrh. Verein f.L. (Hilsmann).

Johannisthal b. Berlin Flugschule Albatros, Dorner, Harlan, Fokker, Luftverkehrs-ges. m.b.H., Rumpler & Wright.

Kitzingen in Bayern, 1911 (Hildebrand & Schroth).

Lindenthal b. Leipzig. (School for Deutschen Flugzengwerke).

Loddenheide b. Münster.

Meerheimb b. Köln.

Milbertshofen b. München (Dr. Wittenstein).

Neuenlande b. Bremen (Müller-Aviatik, Bremer v.t.L.)

Niederwalluf, 1911 (Goedecker).

Oberwiesenfeld bei München (Gustav Otto).

Puchheim b. München.

Reichenberg-Boxdorf b. Dresden.

Schneverdingen (Oertz).

Schulzendorf b. Berlin (A.E.G.)

Strassburg i.E., "Polygon" (E.E.C. Mathis).

Suechteln.

Teltow bei Berlin.

Velten bei Berlin (A.E.G.)

Wandsbek, Exerzierplatz, 1911 (Rumpler und Jordan).

Weimar (Wright).

Wustenbrand b. Chemnitz (Flugtechn. Ges. in Chemnitz).

Zahlbach b. Mainz (School for Aut. & Flugtechnik).

GERMAN AERIAL CLUBS.

Aerial Societies:—

Aachener V. f. L. Aix la Chapelle.

Aero Club (Imperial), 3, Nollenderfplatz, Berlin. Sec.: H. Von Frankenberg und Ludwigsdorf.

Akademie für Aviatik, Munich.

Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club, Munich.

Anhaltischer V. f. L. (E. U.) M. Antoineatten str. 22a, Dessau.

Augsburger Verein für Luftschiffahrt, Augsburg.

Automobil-und Flugtechnische-Gesellschaft (E. V.) Nurnberger Platz 5, Haupyverein Berlin, Hochster Str. 1, Bezirksverein Frankfurt a. M, Neuer Wall 44, II, Hamburg.

Bayerischer A. K. Munich.

Berliner V. f. L., Berlin.

Bilterfeldt V. f. L., Bilterfeld.

Braunschweigische V. f. L.

Breisgau V. f. L., Freiburg.

Bremer V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Obernstr, 52/54 I, Bremen.

Bromberger V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Gasanstalt, Bromberg, Stadt.

Chemnitzner V. f. L.

Deutsche Touring Club, Munich.

Deutscher Luftflotten Verein, Mannheim.

Dusseldorfer Luftdahrer-Klub (E. V.) W. Dusseldorf, Breite Str. 25, I.

Erfurter V. f. L. (E. V.) M. Dalversweg 24, Erfurt.

Flugverein Neustadt a. d. Haardt, S. W., Neustadt, I.

Flugzeugkonvention des V. D. M. L., Potsdamer Str. 121 H, III, Berlin W.

Frankfürter Flugsport-Club (E. V.) Neue Mainzer Str. 76, Frankfurt a. M.

Frankfurter Flugtechn, Verein (E. V.) Bahnhofplatz 8, Frankfurt a. M.

Frankfurter V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W. Kettenhofweg 136, Frankfurt, a. M.

Frankischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. Kurschnerhof 6, Wursburg.

Hamburger V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., 36, Colonnaden 17-19, Hamburg.

Hannoverscher V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Lortzingstr. 6, Hannover.

Hereforder Verein fur Lufthahrt, Bahnhofplatz, Alfermann, Herford.

Hildesheimer V. f. L., Hilkesheim, Lucienvorder str. 22.

Kaiserlicher Aero-Club, K. Nollendorfplatz 3, Berlin W.

Kaiserlicher Automobil-Club, K, 9 Leipzigerplatz 16, Berlin W.

Karlsruher Luftfahrt-Verein (E. V.) S. W., Bachstr, 28, Karlsruhe.

Kolner Club, f. L. (E. V.) W. Bischofsgartenstr. 22, Koln.

Koniglich Bayerischer Automobil-Club, B. Brienner str. 5 I, Munchen.

Koniglicher Sachsischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Ferdinandstr. I, Dresden.

Kurhessischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W., Physikalisches Institut, Marburg ad Lahn; Cassel Sektion, Kolnische str. 84, Cassel.

Leipziger V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Markt 1, Leipzig.

Lubecker V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Israeldorfer Allee 13a, Lubeck.

Luftshrverein Gotha (fruther Reichsflugverein Gotha), Gotha, I.

Luftfahrtverein Touring-Club, Pranner str. 24, I. Munchen.

Luftschiffahrt-Verein Munster fur Munster und das Munsterland (E. V.) N. W., Munster i. W, Klosterstr. 31-32.

Magdeburger V. f. L. (E. V.) M, Wetterwarte, Bahnhofstr. 17, Magdeburg.

Mannheimer V. f. L. "Zahringen" (E. V.) S. W., 7-8 Hansa-Haus, Mannheim.

Mecklenburgerischer Aero-Club, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 85, II, I, Schwerin i. M.

Mindener Verein fur Luftfahrt, N. W., Grosser Domhof 1, L, Minden i. W.

Mitterheinischer V. f. L., S. W., Weisenauer, Str. 15, Mainz.

Munchener V. f. L. (E. V.) Residentzstr. 27 III, Munchen.

Niederrheinischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Wilhemstr. 11, Bonn, Wupperthal Sektion, Hauptfeuerwache, Barmen; Essen Sektion, Bachstr. 21, Essen-Ruhr; Bonn Sektion, Wilhelmstr. 11, Bonn.

Niedersachachsischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Hildesheimer Bank, Filiale Gottingen, Gottingen.

Niederschlesisch-Markischer Verein fur Luftfahrt, Grunberg i. Schl, I.

Nordmark-Verein fur Motorluftfahrt (E. V.) Dusternbrooker Weg 38, Kiel.

Obererzgebirgischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Geschaftsstelle, Schwarzenberg i. S., Erla im Erzgebirge.

Oberrheimischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W., Blauwolkengasse 21, Strassburg i. Els.

Oberschwabischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S, Promenade 17, Ulm a. D.

Osnabrucker V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Wittekindstr. 4, Osnabruck.

Ostdeutscher V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Courbierestr. 34, II. Graudenz.

Ostpreusischer V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Kneiphofische Langgasse 8 I, Konigsberg i. Pr.

Pfalzischer Luftfahrtverein Speyer, S. W., Speyer a. Rh. I.

Pommerscher V. f. L. (E. V.) Pasewalk (Stettin) F. 65.

Posener Luftfahrer-V. (E. V.) O, Posen, Kronprinzenstr, 101a.

Reichsflugverein (E. V.) Motztrs, 76, Berlin.

Rheinisch-Westfalische Motorluftschaff-Gesellsch. (E. V.) Bachstr. 21, Essen-Ruhr.

Saarbrucker Verein fur Luftfahrt, S. W. Saarbrucken, I.

Sachsisch-Thuringischer V. f. L. Belvedere-Allee 5, Weimar; Halle a. S. Sektion (E. V.) Halle a. Muhlweg 10 und Poststr. 6; Thuringische Sektion, Staaten; Belvederealle, 5, Weimar.

Schlesischer Aero-Club (E. V.) O, Schweidnitzerstr. 16-18 Breslau.

Schlesischer V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Schweidnitzerstr. 16-18 Breslau.

Schleswig-Holstein. Flieger-Club, N. W., Niemannsweg 81b, Kiel.

Seeoffizier-Luftclub (S.L.C.W.) N. W., Peterstr. 80 II, Wilhelmshaven.

Trierer Club. f. L. (E. V.) W., Nagelstr. 10, Trier.

V. D. Luftchiff-Industrieller, Kleiststr. 8, III, Berlin, W.

V. D. Motorfahrzeug-Industrieller, Potsdamerstr. 121b, Berlin, W.

V. f. Flugwesen in Mannheim, S. W., Lange Rotterstr. 106, I. Mannheim.

V. f. L. am Bodensee (E. V.) S. W., Zummsteinstr. 11, Schwedenchanze 3a, Konstanz.

V. f. L. Darmstadt, S. W., Darmstadt, I.

V. f. L. Gieben, S. W., Seltersweg 56, I., Gieben.

V. f. L. Kolmar (Posen), (E. V.) O. Privinzialbank, Kommanditgesellschaft a. A., Kolmar i. Pos.

V. f. L. Limbach (Sa, u. Umgegend) (E. V.) Postr. 5, Limbach (Sachsen).

V. f. L. in Mainz (E. V.) S. W., Grosse Bleiche 48, Mainz.

V. f. L. in Worms, S. W., Worms, I.

V. f. L. und Flugtechnik Nurnberg-Furth, Klaragasse 2 I, Nurnberg.

V. f. L. in Weimar (E. V.) Erfurter Str. 9, Weimar.

Vogtlandischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Plauen i. V, Furstenstr. 89.

Westfalisch-Lippischer Luftfahrverein (E. V.) N. W., Kavalleriestr, Petri, Bielefeld.

Westfalish-Markischer Luftfahrer-Verein, Herne, I.

Westpreussicher V. f. L. (E. V.) O., Dr. Waldmann, Abte-inng Schiffbau, Technische Hochschule, Danzig-Langfuhr.

Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fur Flugtechnik, Nollendorfplatz 3, Berlin W. 30.

Wurttenbergischer Flugsport-Club, S. Hegelstr. 4b, Stuttgart.

Wurtembergischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. am Salzmannsweg 21, Stuttgart.

Zwickauer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Hauptmarkt 20, Zwickau i. S.

GERMAN MILITARY AVIATION.

Army General.

The new Army law provides £400,000 (80 million marks) for Army aviation (including dirigibles), in addition to a considerable share of the £4,000,000 which is being spread over a period of five years.

The Army aerial force will be commanded by 2 inspector generals. The aviation force is put at 4 batallions.

Headquarters: Berlin. Stations: Aachen, Allenstein, Cologne, Darmstadt, Doebritz, Freiburg, Graudenz, Hannover, Insterburg, Jüterbog, Koenigsberg, Metz, Posen, Strassburg, Zeithain.

The scheme will be complete by the end of the year.

Army Flying Schools.

Diedenhofen.

Doeberitz.

Metz.

Oberwiesenfeld bei München (Bavarian).

Saarburg.

Sperenberg bei Jüterbog.

Army Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1912 the aeroplane force was as follows:—

Bought in 1911:

10 monoplanes (2 Grade, 1 Schultze, 5 Rumpler).
25 biplanes (3 Albatross, 22 Farman type.)

Bought in 1912:

91 monoplanes (20 Bristol, 1 Dorner, 2 Etrich Taube, 2 Grade, 6 Harlan, 20 Mars, 40 Rumpler Taube).
144 biplanes (50 Albatros, 12 Aviatik, 30 Euler, 10 Otto, 2 L.V.G., 10 Mars, 6 Wrights).

Making a total of 270 of which number about 200 were war-effectives.

For 1913 there are 200 new aeroplanes building or provided for.

Under the new regulations, military machines must comply with the following conditions:—

1. Must be of entirely German manufacture, with ample and comfortable seating accommodation for pilot and passenger.
2. Design must permit of fitting bomb droppers and photographic apparatus.
3. Speed capabilities must not be less than 90 kilometres (56 m.p.h.)
4. Dimensions must not exceed 49 feet span (14.50 m.), 39 feet long (12 m.), 13 feet high (3.50 m.), and the motor not more than 100 h.p.
5. Minimum endurance, 4 hours.

Army Aviators.

Ackermann, Lt. K.

Albrecht, Ob-Lt. K.

Altrichter, Lt. K.

v. Apell, Lt. K.

Barends, Lt.

von Beaulieu, Ob-Lt. W.

Berlin, Ob-Lt. E.

Blume, Lt. W.

Boeder, Lt. O.

Braun, Lt.

Busch, Lt. H.

v. Buttlar, Lt. W.

Canter, Lt.

Cipa, T.

Coerper, W. Lt.

von Detten, Lt. G.

Demmel, Lt. M.>br/> Dransfield, Lt. E.

Eich, H.

von Eickstedt, Ob-Lt. V.

Erhardt, Ob-Lt, R. (119)

von Falkenhayn, Lt. F. E.

Graf Finck von Finckenstein, Lt. L.

Fisch, Lt. W. (107)

von Freyberg-Eisenberg-Allmendingen, Lt. F. E.

Funck, Lt. W.

Geerdtz, F. H. (133)

von Gersdorff, Ob-Lt. E.

Geyer, Lt. H.

Goebel, Ob-Lt. W.

Grade, W. H. St. (20)

von Hadeln, Lt. F.

v. Hammacher, Lt. (49)

von Hammerstein Gesmold, Ob-Lt. F.A.

Hantelmann, Ob-Lt. M.

von Helldorf, Ob-Lt.

v. Hiddessen, F. Lt. (47)

Hildebrand, Ob-Lt. F.

Hofer, Ob-Lt. W.

Höpker, Lt. A.

von Jagwitz, Lt. F.

Joly, Lt. A.

Justi, Lt. K.

Kahl, H.

Kastner, Lt. H.

Keim, Lt. J. (127)

Keller, Lt. G.

Koch, Lt. W

Kohr, Lt. R.

Lauer, Lt. R.

Lauterbach, Ob-Lt. F.

von Lichtenfels, Lt. S. (51)

von Liusingen, Lt. L.

Ludewig, F. Ob-Lt.

Meyer, Lt. W. (136)

von Minkwitz, Lt. H.

von Mirbach, Lt. K.

Mudra, Lt. H. (95)

Neumann, Ob-Lt. H.

von Obernitz, Ob-Lt. W.

Oelsner, Lt. W.

von Oertzen, Ob-Lt. J.

von Osterroht, Lt. P-H.

Petri, Ob-Lt. F. (120)

Pfeifer, Lt. L.

Pirner, Lt. H. K.

von Poser und Gross-Nädlitz, Ob-Lt. F.

Püschel, Ob-Lt. K.

Rapmund, Lt. M.

Reiche, Lt. A.

v. Reichenberg-Wolfskeel, Graf. (93)

Reinhardt, Lt. S.

Reuss, Lt. W.

Ritter, Lt. K. (121)

Roser, H. H. (83)

Schäfer, Ob-Lt. L.

v. Scheele, Lt. A.

Schlegel, Lt. O.

Schneider, Lt. H.

Schreyer, F.

Schulz, Lt. J.

Schwartzkopff, Lt. H.

Serno, Lt. E.

Sieber, Lt. H.

Solmitz, F. Lt.

Sommer, Lt. P.

Steindorf, H.

Steger, O. Lt.

von Stoephasius, Lt. M.

Striper, Lt. F.

Suren, Lt. E.

Suren, Lt. G.

Suren, Lt. H.

Taeufert, Lt. W.

v. Tiedemann, Ob-Lt. R. (17)

von Trotha, Ob-Lt.

Vogt, Lt.

v. Wedemeyer, Ob-Lt. E.

Wendler, Lt. W.

Weyer, Lt. G.

Wiegandt, Lt. W.

Wilberg, Ob-Lt. H. (26)

Wildt, Lt. K. (43)

Wirth, Ob-Lt. W. (92)

Wulff, Lt. A.

Zwickau, Lt. K.

Navy General.

The 1913 expenditure on naval aviation (including dirigibles) is £250,000 (50 million marks), plus a portion of the special expenditure.

Naval Flying Schools.

Holminsel b. Danzig.

Putzig b. Danzig.

Naval Stations.

North Sea.—Cuxhaven (staff to be 5 officers and 192 under officers and men), Emden and Hamburg.

Baltic.—Kiel, Putzig and Konigsberg.

General Headquarters.—Berlin.

Each station will ultimately consist of one dirigible and a number of hydro-aeroplanes.

Navy Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1912 the total effective force was:—

4 monoplanes (Rumpler hydro.)

10 biplanes (4 Albatros hydro., 2 Curtiss hydro., 4 Euler).

Total 14

The Curtiss were purchased towards the end of 1911, all the others in 1912.

All are or can be fitted with wireless, range 50 miles.

1913. Others on order, including Ottos on floats (A.G.O.), of which one was delivered in April.

Navy Aviators.

Bertram, Ob-Lt. (123)

Coulmann, W.

Francke, Ob-Lt. C. (142)

Goltz, Kap-Lt. K.

von Gorrissen, Lt. (4)

Hartmann, R. Ob-Lt. (96)

Hering, Kap-Lt. M.

Janetzky, Kap-Lt. W.

Langfield, Ob-Lt. W.

Prinz Heinrich von Preussen (38)

Schroeter, Ob-Lt. W.

Stemmler, B.

GERMAN PRIVATE AVIATION.

To end of March, 1913.

Private Aeroplanes.

At end of March, 1913, the number of private aeroplanes in Germany was about 80, of which most were school, etc., machines.

Abelmann, Carl

Abramowitch, Wasewolod

Albers, Wilhelm

Alig, Ernst.

Arntzen, Orla, Dr. jur.

Schirrmeister, Hans

Badowski, Ludwig

Baierlein, Anton

Basser, Gustav

Beck, Otto

Becker, Reinhold

Beese, Frl.

Behrend, Adolf

Berliner, Rudolf

v. Bieber, Harald, Dr. jur.

Birkmaier, August

Blattmann, Ernst

Bohlig, Edmund

Bosenius, Rudolf

Bossin, Fritz

Boutard, Charles

Braselmann, Karl

Breton, Raymond Arthur

Brociner, Marco

Brunnhuber, Simon

Büchner, Bruno

Charlett, Willi

Clauberg, Fritz

Cremer, Fritz

Curdts, Carl

De Waal, Bernard

Dick, Fritz

Donnevert, Willy

Dorner, Hermann

Dücker, Werner

Eberhardt, Alfred

Eckardt, Willy

Eckelmann, Frank

Engelhard, Paul

Erblich, Heinz

Euler, August

Evers, Heinrich

Eyring, Raymund (Dr. Huth)

Falderbaum, Heinz

Faller, Artur

Faller, Otto

Flégier, Th. v.

Fokker, Anthony

Fremery, Hemmann

Friedrich, Alfred

Gasser, Hermann

Geiss, Franz

Georgi, Johannes

v. Gorrissen, Ellery

Grade, Hans

Griebel, Otto, Leutnant a D.

Grulich, Karl

Grünberg, Arthur

Haas, Heinrich

Hansen, Hans

Hanuschke, Bruno

Hartmann, Alfred

Hasenkamp, Emil

Häusler, Hugo

Heim, Oskar

Heirler, Paul

Hennig, Alfred

Hess, Robert

Heydenreich, Fritz

Hild, Luc.

Hintner, Cornelius

Hirrlinger, Albert

Hirth, Helmuth

Hoff, Wilhelm

Hoffmann, Siegfr.

Hoos, Josef, Dr. jur.

Hormel, Walter

Horn, Albin

Hoesli, Gordian

Ingold, Karl

Jablonski, Bruno

Jahnow, Reinhold, Leutn. d. Landw.

Jänisch, M.

Jeannin, Emil

Kahnt, Oswald

Kammerer, K. F. Ludwig

Kaniss, Gustav

Kanitz, Willy

Karsten, Otto

Kaspar, Referendar

Katzian, Artemy

Keidel, Fridolin

Kern, Willy

Kiepert, Rudolf

Kleinle, Josef

Kober, Theodor

Köhler, Erich

Kohnert, Herbert

König, Benno

König, Martin

Krastel, Heinz, Reimar

Krieg, Friedrich

Krieger, Karl

Krüger, Leutnant a. D.

Krüger, Arthur

Krumsiek, Wilhelm

Kühne, Ernst Herbert

Kunze, Ernst

Kurtscheid, Nicolaus

Ladewig, Heinz.

Ladewig, Herbert, Leutnant, Inf.-Regt.

Lagler, Fräulein Bozena

Laitsch, Felix

Laemmlin, Charles

Lange, Paul

Langer, Bruno

Lecomte, Ingenieur

Lenk, Willy

Lichte, Carl

Lie, Christian

Lindpaintner, Otto E.

Linnekogel, Otto

Lissauer, Walter

Lochner, Erich

Loew, Karl

Lübbe, Fluglehrer

Manhardt, Alfred Willy

Mente, Willy, Oberleutnant a. D.

Meybaum, Theodor

Michaelis, G. A.

Mischewsky, Bernard

Mohns, Karl

Möhring, Charlotte

v. Mossner, Robert, Oberleutnant a. D.

Mügge, Wilhelm, Kapitan d. Handelsmarine

Müller, B. C. Oscar

Müller, Friedrich

Müller, Karl

Müller, Kurt

Munkelt, Kurt

Mürau, Georg

Netzow, Georg

Niemela, Edmund, Leutnant a. D.

Noelle, Max

Oelerich, Heinrick

Oster, Franz

Ottenbacher, Ernst

Otto, Gustav

Paul, Alfred

Pentz, Hermann

Pietschker, Alfred

Placzikowski, Udo

von Platen, Horst

Plochmann, Ernst

Pokristev, Penn, Oberleutnant

Poulain, Gabriel

Reeb, Alfred

Reichhardt, Otto

Rentzel, Adolf

Rode, Franz

de le Roi, Wolfram

Roempler, Oskar

Rosenstein, Willy

Roessler, Fritz

Rost, Gottlieb

v. Rottenburg, Otto

Roever, Hans

Rupp, Albert

Rütgers, August

Schadt, Karl

Schäfer, Otto

Schakowskoy, Fürstin Eugenie

Schall, Karl

Schauenburg, Theodor

Schendel, Georg

Scherff, Mauricio

Schiedeck, Hermann

v. Schimpf, Ernst, Dr. jur

Schirrmeister, Hans

Schlatter, Joseph

Schlegel, Ernst

Schlüter, Fritz

Schmidt, Erich

Schmidt, Richard

Schmigulski, Hans

Schöner, Georg

Schultze, Gustav

Schüpphaus, Heinrich Ernst

Schwandt, Paul

Schwarz, Erwin

Sedlmayer, Gerhard

Senge, Paul

Seydler, Frank

Siewert, Lotherm

Steffen, Bruno

Steinbeck, Hans

Stiefvater, Otto

Stöffler, Victor

Stoldt

Stoephasius, Curt von

Strack, Karl

Strack, Peter

Stüber, Joachim, Leutnant d. R.

Suvelack, Josef

Thelen, Robert

Thiele, Erich

Toepfer, Otto

Trautwein, Max

Treitschke, Friedrich

Tybelski, Franz

Tweer, Gustav

Vollmöller, Hans

Wecsler, Rubin

Weickert, Julius Artur

Weinaug, Ernst

Werntgen, Bruno

Wertheim, Paul

Weyl, Richard

Wiencziers, Eugen

Wieting, Werner

Wirtz, Reinerm

Witte, Gustav

Wittenstein, Oskar, Dr.

Witterstätter, E. W.

Wolter, Richard

von Zastrow, Alexanderm

Note.—Abramowitch was a Russian by birth (killed April, 1913).

The following German aviators have been killed:—

1896.

Lilienthal

1910.

Haas, Lieut.

Mente, Lieut.

Plochmann

Robl, Thaddeus

1911.

Bockmüller

Bournique ("Pierre Marie")

Choendel

Dax

Englehardt, Kapt.

Eyring, R.

Frh. v. Freytag-Loringhoven

Laemmlin

Lecomte

Neumann, Lieut.

Reeb

Pietschker

Schendel, G.

Stein, Lieut.

Tachs

Voss

1912.

Alig

Altrichter

Beissbarth

Berger

Birkymayer

Buchstätter

v. Falkenhayn

Frh. v. Schlichting

Fischer

Hamburger

Hofer

Hösli

Junghans

König

Kugler

Lachmann

Lang

Libau

Meyer

Preusser

Pochmeyer

Rheinle

Rost

Schmidt

Schmigulski

Stille

Werntgen

Witte

1913.

Held

Schlegel

GERMAN AEROPLANES.

A

ALBATROS.

Albatroswerke G.m.b. H, Flugzeugfabr. u. Fliegerschule, Johannisthal bei Berlin. Established 1910. One of the largest constructors in Germany. Capacity: 150 machines a year.

1911-12.

2-seat tractor biplane.

Military tractor biplane.

1912.

Military tractor

1912-13.

Hydro.

Mono.

Length

feet (m.)

35-1/2 (10.70)

34-1/2 (10.5)

42-1/2 (12.8)

...

...

Span

feet (m.)

43-2/3 (13.30)

52-1/2 (16)

65-3/4 (20)

...

...

Area

sq. feet (m².)

430 (40)

576 (54)

624 (58.5)

...

...

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1058 (480)

1543 (700)

1874 (850)

...

...

useful lbs. (kgs.)

661 (300)

...

...

...

...

Motor

h.p.

100 Argus

90 Mercedes or 100 Argus

120 N.A.G. or Aust. Daimler

...

...

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

59 (95)

46 (75)

...

...

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

6

6

7-5

...

...

Number built during 1912

about 40

70

30

4

2

Remarks.—In all the upper plane is slightly staggered. In all the control is duplicated.

ALBATROS. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Albatros. Military hydro-biplane.

Albatros. Monoplane.

AVIATIK.

Autemobil & Aviatik A.G., Mülhausen i.E. Established 1910. Capacity: 100 a year.

1912 biplane.

1912.

Monoplane.

1912.

Biplane.

1913.

Racing biplane.

1912-13.

Hydro-biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

26-1/2 (8)

36 (11)

29-1/2 (9)

36 (11)

Span

feet (m.)

39 (11.80)

52-1/2 (16)

52-1/2 (16)

62-1/3 (19)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

258 (.24)

517 (48)

517 (48)

597 (56)

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

1146 (520)

1323 (600)

1234 (560)

1653 (750)

useful lbs. (kgs.)

661 (300)

882 (400)

882 (400)

661 (300)

Motor

h.p.

100 Argus

100 Argus

100 Argus

100 Argus

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

68-1/2 (110)

56 (90)

62 (100)

52 (80)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

...

...

...

Endurance

hrs.

5

6-8

7-8

4-5

Number built during 1912

6

20

4

3

Remarks.—The monoplanes are constructed under Hanriot license.

1913 tractor-biplane (racer).

Monoplane.

D

DELFOSSE.

Ceased to construct.

Dorner

DORNER III. Monoplane.

Length.—34½ feet (10.50 m.) Span.—39-1/3 feet (12 m.) Surface.—280 sq. feet (126 m².) Weight.—882 lbs. (400 kgs.)

Type II: Length.—32¾ feet (10 m.) Span.—38 feet (11.60 m.) Surface.—268½ sq. feet (25 m².) Weight.—661 lbs. (300 kgs.) See Flugsport, No. 5, 1911.

E

ETRICH.

Etrich Fliegerwerke, G.m.b. H, Dittersbach b. Liebau (Schlesien). Capacity: 50 a year.

1913. Etrich

(original)

Taube.

monoplane.

Length

feet (m.)

31 (9.5)

Span

feet (m.)

47-1/2 (14.4)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

301 (28)

Weight

Total lbs. (kgs.)

1323 (600)

Useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

Motor

h.p.

100 Mercedes or Argus

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

71 to 75 (115 to 120)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

Endurance

hrs.

6

Remarks.—

EULER.

August Euler, Frankfurt a.M. In 1908 Euler secured Voisin rights for Germany. In 1910 he took out a patent for a design of his own. In the summer of 1911 he built a successful monoplane, in the autumn of the same year a triplane. Existing models are as follows:—

1912.

Triplane.

1912.

Monoplane.

Military biplane.

Length

feet (m.)

23 (7)

Span

feet (m.)

23 (7)

Area

sq. feet (m².)

...

Weight

total lbs. (kgs.)

...

no data

no data

useful lbs. (kgs.)

...

Motor

h.p.

Gnome

Speed

max. m.p.h. (km.)

56 (90)

min. m.p.h. (km.)

...

Endurance

hrs.

3-4

Number built during 1912

about

70

of various types