General terms
1. Label the pictures with the words and expressions.
a. a photograph/a photo/a picture
b. a photographer
c. a cameraperson/a camera operator
d. to photograph/to take photos/to get a shot
e. a crew/a film crew
f. to edit/to retouch a photo
g. to crop a photo
h. a photoshoot
2. Match the words and expressions to their Russian equivalents.
1. a film reel a. черновой материал
2. a location b. отснятый материал
3. a rough cut c. катушка с плёнкой
4. a shooting day d. отредактированная версия
5. an edit e. место съёмки
6. footage f. съёмочный день
Equipment and its components
The most popular types of cameras
DSLR (or digital single lens reflex) cameras take photos to the next level of image quality. This more «serious» type of camera is best known for delivering remarkably sharp and spectacular images, with beautiful background bokeh, and even high resolution videos with the help of their advanced sensors, manual settings, and wide range of interchangeable lenses.
Today, professional photographers and videographers from around the world mostly use DSLRs (now alternatively known as hybrid single reflex lens cameras or HDSLR) for commercial purposes. While they are considered high-end, there are more affordable entry-level DSLRs for beginners. They are suitable for almost every kind of photography out there, so literally anyone — from hobbyists to event and sports photographers — can opt for this type of camera.
Pros:
Fully customizable settings
Large sensors for cleaner images
Optical viewfinder
High-resolution photo output
Full HD to UHD video output
Wide variety of camera body and lens choices
Cons:
Bigger and bulkier
Higher cost
Requires ample know-how
Mirrorless cameras are basically more compact DSLRs without the internal mirror that reflects light onto the sensor.
What’s interesting about mirrorless cameras is that they are now capable of capturing incredible, high-resolution images with even faster shutter speeds and record ultra HD videos that only the most expensive, higher-end DSLRs can produce.
The main reason why many still prefer DSLRs, however, is that they have access to a bigger collection of lenses. However, mirrorless cameras are great investments considering their growing collection of lenses.
Overall, it’s a combination of two popular types of digital cameras — a point-and-shoot for its compact size and somewhat simpler controls, and a DSLR for its interchangeable lenses and impressive output.
Pros:
Electronic viewfinder
Smaller and lighter
Simpler operation and controls
Faster and better for video
Higher video quality even in lower-end models
Shoots more images at faster shutter speeds
Cons:
Shorter battery life
Slower autofocus
Fewer lenses and accessories
Compact digital cameras literally allow anyone to capture beautiful images by simply pointing the camera at the subject and clicking the shutter. Also known as a point-and-shoot camera, it is the most user-friendly of all camera types. It is smaller and lighter, doesn’t require film or extra lenses, and does all the hard work of automatically adjusting its settings to deliver well-exposed photos every time. You won’t have the freedom of adjusting the settings to your liking, but with a good artistic eye and a knack for composition, you should have no problem producing great photos.
This walk-around digital camera is incredibly handy and surprisingly very durable, which is why you’ll probably still see people using their digital compact cameras from over a decade ago. It fits right in your pocket or a small camera pouch, so it’s the perfect choice for photography enthusiasts who want to have the convenience of being able to take higher resolution snapshots (compared to most smartphone cameras) whenever, wherever.
Pros:
Very user-friendly
Light and compact
No need for film or extra lenses
Full auto mode
More affordable
Cons:
Usually can’t customize shutter speed and aperture
Limited aperture and zoom range
Noisier photos due to small sensor
Lower resolution
Slower focus
Common action cameras like the GoPro can fit in the palm of your hand, but they’re some of the most durable and versatile types of digital cameras that offer very high-resolution output. A wide range of accessories like waterproof housing and mounts allow the user to attach action cameras to helmets, bicycles, and even drones, which enable hands-free shooting in different types of situations. This opens up a whole new world of photographic possibilities, as this type of camera allows you to capture impressive wide-angle photos and videos with sound from almost any angle and environment, whether underwater or on top of a mountain. If you’re the adventurous or sporty type and simply want to take breathtaking photos and videos that will «take you back» to those moments, action cameras are for you.
Pros:
Rugged and compact
Lightweight
Versatile and mountable on almost any surface
Remote view and shutter via smartphone
Cons:
Viewfinder too small, if available
Exposure settings not fully customizable
Fixed focus
Limited digital zoom
