Читать бесплатно онлайн книгу автора  Model for Integral Assessment of Students’ Physical Health. Teaching and Methodological Manual

Arsentiy Aleksandrovich Krasilnikov

Contents

From the author

Dear Readers,

I am pleased to present my latest monograph entitled «Model for Integral Assessment of Students’ Physical Health» This methodological guide serves as an extended additional material for the course «Theory and Methodology of Physical Education» in all Bachelor’s and Specialist programs.

The educational and methodical material provided in this guide is highly relevant for developing new competencies among students in the field of building independent physical education sessions, maintaining an optimal training regime, and forming the basics of a healthy lifestyle. It contains theoretical material that, when studied, will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of developing students’ competencies in the field of a healthy lifestyle, assessing the functional state of organs and systems of the body, and a comprehensive assessment of the level of health.

I hope this guide will be useful to students and teachers of higher educational institutions, physical education teachers, and specialists in the field of physical education and sports.

Best regards,

A. A. Krasilnikov

Introduction

Health is one of the fundamental values in life, and it is unlikely that there is anyone who would say that they do not want to be healthy. However, wanting to be healthy is not enough, as maintaining good health requires constant self-improvement, leading a healthy lifestyle, following the rules of rational nutrition, hygiene, and of course, properly organized physical activity.

Medical and sports science has proven that physical training through exercise increases the functional abilities of the body by increasing the functional efficiency of muscle cells and the oxygen transport system.

However, not every physical activity can be beneficial. Uncontrolled use of means of physical culture and sports can not only lead to undesirable consequences but also harm one’s health. Therefore, self-monitoring plays a significant role in this issue.

Self-monitoring is the regular monitoring of individuals engaged in physical culture and sports of their health status, physical development, functional and physical preparedness, using various publicly available techniques and methods.

During self-monitoring, externally set «norms» are transferred into the sphere of personally significant norms, and the dynamics of changes in all indicators are tracked, which provides feedback and serves as a stimulating factor for starting active physical exercises.

Section 1. Self-evaluation of physical development indicators

Research related to the assessment of physical development is conducted using various anthropometric techniques:

1. somatometric — body length (height), body mass (weight), chest circumference and excursion;

2. physiometric — vital lung capacity (VLC), hand grip strength, standing strength;

3. somatoscopic — chest shape (body type), posture and so on.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT!

Physical development of a person is understood as a complex of functional and morphological properties of the body that determine its physical ability. Physical development can be influenced by:

heredity; environmental conditions; socio-economic factors; working and living conditions; nutrition; physical activity; sports.

There is no clear boundary between normal and pathological conditions. There are various transitional stages between health and illness. Disease usually occurs when the body is subjected to excessive physical and psycho-emotional stress or when adaptive functions are decreased. This is when changes occur, often leading to illness or injury.

Norm in relation to human health is interpreted as the measure of the organism’s vitality in specific environmental conditions, within which changes in physiological processes are maintained at an optimal level of functioning of the homeostatic self-regulation.

It is important to note that the norm in relation to the human body does not have a single value. Biological norm has certain boundaries. Thus, the norm is such an indicator at which the human organism